ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca-definitions.h

+/*
+ * This file is part of IPAACA, the
+ *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
+ *
+ * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
+ * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
+ *
+ * This file may be licensed under the terms of of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (the ``LGPL''),
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed
+ * on an ``AS IS'' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the LGPL for the specific language
+ * governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
+ * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
+ * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * The development of this software was supported by the
+ * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
+ * The Excellence Cluster EXC 277 is a grant of the Deutsche
+ * Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the context of the German
+ * Excellence Initiative.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca-definitions.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for data and exception types and helper functions.
+ *
+ * Users should not include this file directly, but use ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   March, 2015
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_definitions_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_definitions_h_INCLUDED__
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#error "Please do not include this file directly, use ipaaca.h instead"
+#endif
+
+typedef uint32_t revision_t;
+
+/// Type of the IU event. Realized as an integer to enable bit masks for filters. One of: IU_ADDED, IU_COMMITTED, IU_DELETED, IU_RETRACTED, IU_UPDATED, IU_LINKSUPDATED, IU_MESSAGE
+typedef uint32_t IUEventType;
+#define IU_ADDED         1
+#define IU_COMMITTED     2
+#define IU_DELETED       4
+#define IU_RETRACTED     8
+#define IU_UPDATED      16
+#define IU_LINKSUPDATED 32
+#define IU_MESSAGE      64
+/// Bit mask for receiving all IU events  \see IUEventType
+#define IU_ALL_EVENTS  127
+
+/// Ipaaca (console) log levels
+#define IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_NONE     0
+#define IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL 1
+#define IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR    2
+#define IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING  3
+#define IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO     4
+#define IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG    5
+
+/// Convert an int event type to a human-readable string
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline std::string iu_event_type_to_str(IUEventType type)
+{
+	switch(type) {
+		case IU_ADDED: return "ADDED";
+		case IU_COMMITTED: return "COMMITTED";
+		case IU_DELETED: return "DELETED";
+		case IU_RETRACTED: return "RETRACTED";
+		case IU_UPDATED: return "UPDATED";
+		case IU_LINKSUPDATED: return "LINKSUPDATED";
+		case IU_MESSAGE: return "MESSAGE";
+		default: return "(NOT A KNOWN SINGLE IU EVENT TYPE)";
+	}
+}
+
+/// IU access mode: PUSH means that updates are broadcast; REMOTE means that reads are RPC calls (currently NOT implemented); MESSAGE means a fire-and-forget message
+enum IUAccessMode {
+	IU_ACCESS_PUSH,
+	IU_ACCESS_REMOTE,
+	IU_ACCESS_MESSAGE
+};
+
+/// generate a UUID as an ASCII string
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string generate_uuid_string();
+
+#endif

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca-errors.h

+/*
+ * This file is part of IPAACA, the
+ *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
+ *
+ * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
+ * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
+ *
+ * This file may be licensed under the terms of of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (the ``LGPL''),
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed
+ * on an ``AS IS'' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the LGPL for the specific language
+ * governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
+ * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
+ * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * The development of this software was supported by the
+ * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
+ * The Excellence Cluster EXC 277 is a grant of the Deutsche
+ * Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the context of the German
+ * Excellence Initiative.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca-errors.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for all errors and exceptions
+ *
+ * Users should not include this file directly, but use ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   February, 2019
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_errors_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_errors_h_INCLUDED__
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#error "Please do not include this file directly, use ipaaca.h instead"
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Exception with string description
+ */
+class Exception: public std::exception//{{{
+{
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _description;
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Exception(const std::string& description=""): _description(description) { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Exception() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT const char* what() const throw() {
+			return _description.c_str();
+		}
+};//}}}
+class Abort: public std::exception//{{{
+{
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _description;
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Abort(const std::string& description=""): _description(description) { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Abort() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT const char* what() const throw() {
+			return _description.c_str();
+		}
+};//}}}
+
+/// BackEnd failed conditions, e.g. limits
+class BackEndBadConditionError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~BackEndBadConditionError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline BackEndBadConditionError() { //std::shared_ptr<BackEnd> iu) {
+			_description = "BackEndBadConditionError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// BackEnd [hard-]failed to connect a participant
+class BackEndConnectionFailedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~BackEndConnectionFailedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline BackEndConnectionFailedError() { //std::shared_ptr<BackEnd> iu) {
+			_description = "BackEndConnectionFailedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// BackEnd not found
+class BackEndNotFoundError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~BackEndNotFoundError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline BackEndNotFoundError() { //std::shared_ptr<BackEnd> iu) {
+			_description = "BackEndNotFoundError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// Unknown wire type encountered
+class UnhandledWireTypeError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+    public:
+        IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~UnhandledWireTypeError() throw() { }
+        IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline UnhandledWireTypeError(int wire_type=-1) {
+            if (wire_type>0) {
+                _description = "UnhandledWireTypeError (wire type encountered: " + std::to_string(wire_type) + ")";
+            } else {
+                _description = "UnhandledWireTypeError (value not provided)";
+            }
+        }
+        };//}}}
+/// IU was not found in a buffer
+class IUNotFoundError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUNotFoundError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUNotFoundError() { //std::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
+			_description = "IUNotFoundError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// IU was already published
+class IUPublishedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUPublishedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUPublishedError() {
+			_description = "IUPublishedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// IU had already been committed to
+class IUCommittedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUCommittedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUCommittedError() {
+			_description = "IUCommittedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// IU had already been retracted
+class IURetractedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IURetractedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IURetractedError() {
+			_description = "IURetractedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// Remote IU update failed because it had been modified in the mean time
+class IUUpdateFailedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUUpdateFailedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUUpdateFailedError() {
+			_description = "IUUpdateFailedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// Requested resend of old IU due to malformed channel specification
+class IUResendRequestFailedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUResendRequestFailedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUResendRequestFailedError() {
+			_description = "IUResendRequestFailedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// Write operation failed because IU had been set read-only
+class IUReadOnlyError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUReadOnlyError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUReadOnlyError() {
+			_description = "IUReadOnlyError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// Buffer::add() failed because the IU had been previously placed in another buffer
+class IUAlreadyInABufferError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUAlreadyInABufferError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUAlreadyInABufferError() {
+			_description = "IUAlreadyInABufferError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// A request was made that is only valid for an already published IU
+class IUUnpublishedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUUnpublishedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUUnpublishedError() {
+			_description = "IUUnpublishedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// IU had already been allocated a UID
+class IUAlreadyHasAnUIDError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUAlreadyHasAnUIDError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUAlreadyHasAnUIDError() {
+			_description = "IUAlreadyHasAnUIDError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// IU had already been allocated an owner name
+class IUAlreadyHasAnOwnerNameError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUAlreadyHasAnOwnerNameError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUAlreadyHasAnOwnerNameError() {
+			_description = "IUAlreadyHasAnOwnerNameError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// UID generation failed (Windows only)
+class UUIDGenerationError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~UUIDGenerationError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline UUIDGenerationError() {
+			_description = "UUIDGenerationError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// Not implemented (e.g. invalid request parameters via backend)
+class NotImplementedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~NotImplementedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline NotImplementedError() {
+			_description = "NotImplementedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// PayloadEntryProxy requested type conversion failed (including lenient interpretation)
+class PayloadTypeConversionError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~PayloadTypeConversionError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PayloadTypeConversionError() {
+			_description = "PayloadTypeConversionError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// PayloadEntryProxy was addressed as list when not a list or as map when not a map
+class PayloadAddressingError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~PayloadAddressingError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PayloadAddressingError() {
+			_description = "PayloadAddressingError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// Malformed json was received for a Payload
+class JsonParsingError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~JsonParsingError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline JsonParsingError() {
+			_description = "JsonParsingError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// PayloadEntryProxy invalidated (unused)
+class PayloadEntryProxyInvalidatedError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~PayloadEntryProxyInvalidatedError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PayloadEntryProxyInvalidatedError() {
+			_description = "PayloadEntryProxyInvalidatedError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+/// Iterator over Payload entries was invalidated by an intermediate IU update operation
+class PayloadIteratorInvalidError: public Exception//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~PayloadIteratorInvalidError() throw() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PayloadIteratorInvalidError() {
+			_description = "PayloadIteratorInvalidError";
+		}
+};//}}}
+
+#endif
+

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca-forwards.h

+/*
+ * This file is part of IPAACA, the
+ *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
+ *
+ * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
+ * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
+ *
+ * This file may be licensed under the terms of of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (the ``LGPL''),
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed
+ * on an ``AS IS'' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the LGPL for the specific language
+ * governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
+ * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
+ * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * The development of this software was supported by the
+ * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
+ * The Excellence Cluster EXC 277 is a grant of the Deutsche
+ * Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the context of the German
+ * Excellence Initiative.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca-forwards.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for forward definitions.
+ *
+ * Users should not include this file directly, but use ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   March, 2015
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_forwards_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_forwards_h_INCLUDED__
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#error "Please do not include this file directly, use ipaaca.h instead"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ *  forward declarations
+ */
+namespace backend {
+    //class Scope;
+    class Event;
+    class Informer;
+    class Listener;
+    class LocalServer;
+    class RemoteServer;
+} // of namespace backend
+
+class PayloadDocumentEntry;
+
+class PayloadBatchUpdateLock;
+class PayloadEntryProxy;
+class Payload;
+class PayloadIterator;
+class IUInterface;
+class IU;
+class Message;
+class RemotePushIU;
+class RemoteMessage;
+class IULinkUpdate;
+class IUPayloadUpdate;
+class IUStore;
+class FrozenIUStore;
+class Buffer;
+class InputBuffer;
+class OutputBuffer;
+
+class CallbackIUPayloadUpdate;
+class CallbackIULinkUpdate;
+class CallbackIUCommission;
+class CallbackIUResendRequest;
+class CallbackIURetraction;
+
+class IUConverter;
+class MessageConverter;
+class IUPayloadUpdateConverter;
+class IULinkUpdateConverter;
+//class IntConverter;
+
+class BufferConfiguration;
+class BufferConfigurationBuilder;
+
+#endif
+

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca-initializer.h

+/*
+ * This file is part of IPAACA, the
+ *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
+ *
+ * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
+ * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
+ *
+ * This file may be licensed under the terms of of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (the ``LGPL''),
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed
+ * on an ``AS IS'' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the LGPL for the specific language
+ * governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
+ * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
+ * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * The development of this software was supported by the
+ * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
+ * The Excellence Cluster EXC 277 is a grant of the Deutsche
+ * Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the context of the German
+ * Excellence Initiative.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca-initializer.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for the global initializer unit
+ *
+ * Users should not include this file directly, but use ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   February, 2019
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_initializer_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_initializer_h_INCLUDED__
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#error "Please do not include this file directly, use ipaaca.h instead"
+#endif
+
+/** \brief Static library initialization for backend
+ *
+ * This static class (singleton) is called once (explicitly or on-demand).
+ * Unless called manually, it is initialized when ipaaca is first used
+ * (i.e. the first Buffer is created).
+ */
+class Initializer
+{
+	public:
+		/// Initialize the backend [DEPRECATED] (old name, use initialize_backend() instead)
+		[[deprecated("Use initialize_backend() instead")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static void initialize_ipaaca_rsb_if_needed();
+		/// Explicitly initialize the backend (usually not required). No effect if already initialized. Automatically called during first Buffer construction.
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static void initialize_backend();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static bool initialized();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static void dump_current_default_config();
+	protected:
+		/** Perform rsb pre-setup before the implicit initialization
+		 * (when first instantiating something). Pre-setup includes
+		 * finding the RSB plugin dir, looking through several parent
+		 * directories for a path "deps/lib/rsb*"/plugins. The path
+		 * can also be set directly (env var RSB_PLUGINS_CPP_PATH),
+		 * which disables the automatic search.
+		 */
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static void override_env_with_cmdline_set_variables();
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT static bool _initialized;
+};
+
+#endif
+

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca-ius.h

+/*
+ * This file is part of IPAACA, the
+ *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
+ *
+ * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
+ * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
+ *
+ * This file may be licensed under the terms of of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (the ``LGPL''),
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed
+ * on an ``AS IS'' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the LGPL for the specific language
+ * governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
+ * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
+ * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * The development of this software was supported by the
+ * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
+ * The Excellence Cluster EXC 277 is a grant of the Deutsche
+ * Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the context of the German
+ * Excellence Initiative.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca-ius.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for IU (incremental unit) classes.
+ *
+ * Users should not include this file directly, but use ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   March, 2015
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_ius_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_ius_h_INCLUDED__
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#error "Please do not include this file directly, use ipaaca.h instead"
+#endif
+
+
+/** \brief Abstract base class for all IU-type classes
+ *
+ * In user programs, classes IU or Message should be instantiated.
+ *
+ * This abstract type is used in handler callback functions and
+ * contains most generic user-space functions.
+ *
+ */
+class IUInterface {//{{{
+	friend class ipaaca::converters::IUConverter;
+	//friend class ipaaca::converters::MessageConverter;
+	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const IUInterface& obj);
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IUInterface();
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline virtual ~IUInterface() { }
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _uid;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT revision_t _revision;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _category;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _payload_type; // default is taken from __ipaaca_static_option_default_payload_type
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _owner_name;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool _committed;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool _retracted;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT IUAccessMode _access_mode;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool _read_only;
+		//std::shared_ptr<Buffer> _buffer;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Buffer* _buffer;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT SmartLinkMap _links;
+	protected:
+		friend class Payload;
+		// Internal functions that perform the update logic,
+		//  e.g. sending a notification across the network
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name) = 0;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name) = 0;
+		//void _set_buffer(std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _associate_with_buffer(Buffer* buffer);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _set_buffer(Buffer* buffer);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _set_uid(const std::string& uid);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _set_owner_name(const std::string& owner_name);
+	protected:
+		// internal functions that do not emit update events
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _add_and_remove_links(const LinkMap& add, const LinkMap& remove) { _links._add_and_remove_links(add, remove); }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _replace_links(const LinkMap& links) { _links._replace_links(links); }
+	public:
+		/// Return whether IU has been retracted
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool retracted() const { return _retracted; }
+		/// Return whether IU has already been published (is in a Buffer).
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool is_published() { return (_buffer != 0); }
+		/// Return auto-generated UID string (set during IU construction)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& uid() const { return _uid; }
+		/// Return current IU revision number (incremented for each update)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline revision_t revision() const { return _revision; }
+		/// Return the IU category string (set during IU construction)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& category() const { return _category; }
+		/// Return the channel name the IU is resident on (set on publication)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT const std::string& channel();
+		/// Return the payload type (default "JSON")
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& payload_type() const { return _payload_type; }
+		/// Return the owner name (unique fully-qualified buffer name, set on publication)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& owner_name() const { return _owner_name; }
+		/// Return whether IU has been committed to (i.e. is complete, confirmed, and henceforth constant)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool committed() const { return _committed; }
+		/// Return the access mode (not relevant for the time being)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUAccessMode access_mode() const { return _access_mode; }
+		/// Return whether IU is read only (committed, a Message, or explicitly set read-only by owner)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool read_only() const { return _read_only; }
+		//inline std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer() { return _buffer; }
+		/// Return owning buffer [CAVEAT: do not rely on this function for future code]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Buffer* buffer() const { return _buffer; }
+		/// Return the link set for an arbitrary link type (e.g. "grounded_in"), or EMPTY_LINK_SET
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const LinkSet& get_links(std::string type) { return _links.get_links(type); }
+		/// Return the map of all defined links
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const LinkMap& get_all_links() { return _links.get_all_links(); }
+		// Payload
+		/// Return the Payload object of this IU, overridden in the derived classes
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual Payload& payload() = 0;
+		/// Const version of payload()
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual const Payload& const_payload() const = 0;
+		// setters
+		/// Commit to an IU (only possible for the IU owner)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void commit() = 0;
+		// functions to modify and update links:
+		//IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _publish_resend(std::shared_ptr<IU> iu, const std::string& hidden_scope_name);
+
+		/// Add a set of new UIDs for a specific link type
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void add_links(const std::string& type, const LinkSet& targets, const std::string& writer_name = "");
+		/// Remove a set of UIDs from a link type
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void remove_links(const std::string& type, const LinkSet& targets, const std::string& writer_name = "");
+		/// Bulk link modification function
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void modify_links(const LinkMap& add, const LinkMap& remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
+		/// Bulk link override function
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void set_links(const LinkMap& links, const std::string& writer_name = "");
+		//    (with cpp specific convenience functions:)
+		/// Convenience function (C++): add a single UID string to an arbitrary link set
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void add_link(const std::string& type, const std::string& target, const std::string& writer_name = "");
+		/// Convenience function (C++): remove a single UID string from an arbitrary link set (if contained)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void remove_link(const std::string& type, const std::string& target, const std::string& writer_name = "");
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<IUInterface> ptr;
+};//}}}
+
+/** \brief Class of locally-owned IU objects.
+ *
+ * Use IU::create() (static) to create references to new IUs.
+ * Use IU::payload() to access the IUs payload object.
+ * Use OutputBuffer::add() to publish IUs.
+ *
+ * See IUInterface for a generic description of most user-space member functions.
+ */
+class IU: public IUInterface {//{{{
+	friend class Buffer;
+	friend class InputBuffer;
+	friend class OutputBuffer;
+        friend class ipaaca::backend::LocalServer;
+	public:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload _payload;
+	protected:
+	   IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT  Lock _revision_lock;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _increase_revision_number() { _revision++; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IU(const std::string& category, IUAccessMode access_mode=IU_ACCESS_PUSH, bool read_only=false, const std::string& payload_type="" ); // __ipaaca_static_option_default_payload_type
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IU() {
+		}
+		[[deprecated("Please use the new argument order: category, payload_type, read_only")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<IU> create(const std::string& category, IUAccessMode access_mode, bool read_only=false, const std::string& payload_type="" );
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<IU> create(const std::string& category, const std::string& payload_type="", bool read_only=false);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Payload& payload() _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_ { return _payload; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const Payload& const_payload() const _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_ { return _payload; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void commit() _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual void _internal_commit(const std::string& writer_name = "");
+	public:
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<IU> ptr;
+};//}}}
+/** \brief Class of locally-owned message objects ('one-shot' IUs).
+ *
+ * This class works the same as IU, except that it sets the internal
+ * flags so that it is received as a message (ephemeral object) on
+ * the remote sides, instead of a persistent objects.
+ *
+ * Likewise, it is not actually stored by OutputBuffer::add(), but just broadcast.
+ * 
+ * See IUInterface for a generic description of most user-space member functions.
+ *
+ * \see IU, IUInterface
+ */
+class Message: public IU {//{{{
+	friend class Buffer;
+	friend class InputBuffer;
+	friend class OutputBuffer;
+        friend class ipaaca::backend::LocalServer;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT Message(const std::string& category, IUAccessMode access_mode=IU_ACCESS_MESSAGE, bool read_only=true, const std::string& payload_type="" );
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Message() {
+		}
+		[[deprecated("Please use the new argument order: category, payload_type")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<Message> create(const std::string& category, IUAccessMode access_mode, bool read_only=true, const std::string& payload_type="" );
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<Message> create(const std::string& category, const std::string& payload_type="");
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_commit(const std::string& writer_name = "");
+	public:
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<Message> ptr;
+};//}}}
+
+/// Copy of a remote IU, received in an InputBuffer. Setter functions call RPC over the backend (RSB). \b Note: Typically handled only as reference in a handler in user space.
+class RemotePushIU: public IUInterface {//{{{
+	friend class Buffer;
+	friend class InputBuffer;
+	friend class OutputBuffer;
+	friend class ipaaca::converters::IUConverter;
+	//friend class ipaaca::converters::MessageConverter;
+	public:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload _payload;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT RemotePushIU();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<RemotePushIU> create();
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~RemotePushIU() {
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Payload& payload() _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_ { return _payload; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const Payload& const_payload() const _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_ { return _payload; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void commit() _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_update(IUPayloadUpdate::ptr update);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_link_update(IULinkUpdate::ptr update);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_commission();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_retraction();
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<RemotePushIU> ptr;
+};//}}}
+/// Copy of a remote Message, received in an InputBuffer. Setter functions all fail.\b Note: Typically handled only as reference in a handler in user space.
+class RemoteMessage: public IUInterface {//{{{
+	friend class Buffer;
+	friend class InputBuffer;
+	friend class OutputBuffer;
+	friend class ipaaca::converters::IUConverter;
+	//friend class ipaaca::converters::MessageConverter;
+	public:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload _payload;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT RemoteMessage();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<RemoteMessage> create();
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~RemoteMessage() {
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Payload& payload() _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_ { return _payload; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const Payload& const_payload() const _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_ { return _payload; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void commit() _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_update(IUPayloadUpdate::ptr update);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_link_update(IULinkUpdate::ptr update);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_commission();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_retraction();
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<RemoteMessage> ptr;
+};//}}}
+
+#ifdef IPAACA_BUILD_MOCK_OBJECTS
+/// Mock IU for testing purposes. [INTERNAL]
+class FakeIU: public IUInterface {//{{{
+	friend class Buffer;
+	friend class InputBuffer;
+	friend class OutputBuffer;
+	friend class ipaaca::converters::IUConverter;
+	//friend class ipaaca::converters::MessageConverter;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload _payload;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT FakeIU();
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<FakeIU> create();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT ~FakeIU();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT Payload& payload() _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT const Payload& const_payload() const _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void commit() _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void add_fake_payload_item(const std::string& key, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr entry);
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "") _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_update(IUPayloadUpdate::ptr update);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_link_update(IULinkUpdate::ptr update);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_commission();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_retraction();
+	public:
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<FakeIU> ptr;
+};//}}}
+#endif
+
+#endif

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca-locking.h

+/*
+ * This file is part of IPAACA, the
+ *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
+ *
+ * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
+ * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
+ *
+ * This file may be licensed under the terms of of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (the ``LGPL''),
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed
+ * on an ``AS IS'' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the LGPL for the specific language
+ * governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
+ * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
+ * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * The development of this software was supported by the
+ * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
+ * The Excellence Cluster EXC 277 is a grant of the Deutsche
+ * Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the context of the German
+ * Excellence Initiative.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca-locking.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for locking / mutexes.
+ *
+ * Users should not include this file directly, but use ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   March, 2015
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_locking_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_locking_h_INCLUDED__
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#error "Please do not include this file directly, use ipaaca.h instead"
+#endif
+
+
+/// Reentrant lock/mutex class
+class Lock
+{
+	protected:
+		std::recursive_mutex _mutex;
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Lock() {
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Lock() {
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void lock() {
+			_mutex.lock();
+			on_lock();
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void unlock() {
+			on_unlock();
+			_mutex.unlock();
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual inline void on_lock() {
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual inline void on_unlock() {
+		}
+};
+
+/** \brief Stack-based lock holder.
+ *
+ * Stack-based lock holder. Create in a new stack frame
+ *  (i.e.  {}-block) and it will obtain the lock and
+ * auto-release in on exiting the stack frame.
+ */
+class Locker
+{
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Lock* _lock;
+	private:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Locker(): _lock(NULL) { } // not available
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Locker(Lock& lock): _lock(&lock) {
+			_lock->lock();
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Locker() {
+			_lock->unlock();
+		}
+};
+
+/** \brief Locker for existing pthread mutexes.
+ *
+ * Stack-based lock holder for existing pthread_mutex_t mutexes.
+ *
+ * \see Locker
+ */
+#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
+ // nothing for Windows
+#else
+#include <pthread.h>
+class PthreadMutexLocker
+{
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT pthread_mutex_t* _lock;
+	private:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PthreadMutexLocker(): _lock(NULL) { } // not available
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PthreadMutexLocker(pthread_mutex_t* lock): _lock(lock) {
+			if (!lock) throw Exception("PthreadMutexLocker got a NULL mutex!");
+			pthread_mutex_lock(_lock);
+		}
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~PthreadMutexLocker() {
+			pthread_mutex_unlock(_lock);
+		}
+};
+#endif
+
+#endif

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca-payload.h

+/*
+ * This file is part of IPAACA, the
+ *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
+ *
+ * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
+ * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
+ *
+ * This file may be licensed under the terms of of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (the ``LGPL''),
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed
+ * on an ``AS IS'' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the LGPL for the specific language
+ * governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
+ * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
+ * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * The development of this software was supported by the
+ * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
+ * The Excellence Cluster EXC 277 is a grant of the Deutsche
+ * Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the context of the German
+ * Excellence Initiative.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca-payload.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for IU payload functionality.
+ *
+ * Users should not include this file directly, but use ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   March, 2015
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_payload_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_payload_h_INCLUDED__
+
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#error "Please do not include this file directly, use ipaaca.h instead"
+#endif
+
+// casting operators from Value&
+/// 'Smart' type conversions, allowing for some leeway type-wise (e.g. string "1.3" can be successfully cast to double or long). Used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+template<typename T> T json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+template<typename T> T json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value* value) { if (!value) return T(); return json_value_cast<T>(*value); }
+template<> IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT long json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+template<> IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT int json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+template<> IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT double json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+template<> IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+template<> IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+template<> IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+template<> IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::list<std::string> json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+template<> IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::map<std::string, std::string> json_value_cast(const rapidjson::Value&);
+
+// helpers to set Value& from various standard types
+//IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT template<typename T> void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value&, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType&, T t);
+/// Setter to store int into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value&, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType&, int);
+/// Setter to store int into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value&, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType&, long);
+/// Setter to store long into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value&, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType&, double);
+/// Setter to store double into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value&, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType&, bool);
+/// Setter to store bool into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value&, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType&, const std::string&);
+/// Setter to store std::string into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value&, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType&, const char*);
+// helpers to set Value& from several standard containers containing the above standard types
+/// Setter to store a vector of supported basic types into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+template<typename T> void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value& valueobject, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType& allocator, const std::vector<T>& ts)
+{
+	valueobject.SetArray();
+	for (auto& val: ts) {
+		rapidjson::Value newv;
+		pack_into_json_value(newv, allocator, val);
+		valueobject.PushBack(newv, allocator);
+	}
+}
+/// Setter to store a list of supported basic types into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+template<typename T> void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value& valueobject, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType& allocator, const std::list<T>& ts)
+{
+	valueobject.SetArray();
+	for (auto& val: ts) {
+		rapidjson::Value newv;
+		pack_into_json_value(newv, allocator, val);
+		valueobject.PushBack(newv, allocator);
+	}
+}
+/// Setter to store a map of string -> supported basic types into json value, used by PayloadEntryProxy.
+template<typename T> void pack_into_json_value(rapidjson::Value& valueobject, rapidjson::Document::AllocatorType& allocator, const std::map<std::string, T>& ts)
+{
+	valueobject.SetObject();
+	for (auto& val: ts) {
+		rapidjson::Value key;
+		key.SetString(val.first, allocator);
+		rapidjson::Value newv;
+		pack_into_json_value(newv, allocator, val.second);
+		valueobject.AddMember(key, newv, allocator);
+	}
+}
+
+/// Single payload entry wrapping a rapidjson::Document with some conversion glue. Also handles copy-on-write Document cloning. <b>Internal type</b> - users generally do not see this.
+class PayloadDocumentEntry//{{{
+{
+	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::shared_ptr<PayloadDocumentEntry> entry);
+	public:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT ipaaca::Lock lock;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool modified;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT rapidjson::Document document;
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PayloadDocumentEntry(): modified(false) { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~PayloadDocumentEntry() { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string to_json_string_representation();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<PayloadDocumentEntry> from_json_string_representation(const std::string& input);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<PayloadDocumentEntry> from_unquoted_string_value(const std::string& input);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static std::shared_ptr<PayloadDocumentEntry> create_null();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::shared_ptr<PayloadDocumentEntry> clone();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rapidjson::Value& get_or_create_nested_value_from_proxy_path(PayloadEntryProxy* pep);
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<PayloadDocumentEntry> ptr;
+};
+//}}}
+
+typedef std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr> PayloadDocumentStore;
+
+
+/** \brief Central class containing the user-set payload of any IUInterface class (IU, Message, RemotePushIU or RemoteMessage)
+ *
+ * Obtained by calling payload() on any IUInterface derived object. Created during IU creation.
+ */
+class Payload: public Lock //{{{
+{
+	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Payload& obj);
+	friend class IUInterface;
+	friend class IU;
+	friend class Message;
+	friend class RemotePushIU;
+	friend class RemoteMessage;
+	friend class ipaaca::converters::IUConverter;
+	//friend class ipaaca::converters::MessageConverter;
+	friend class ipaaca::backend::LocalServer;
+	friend class PayloadEntryProxy;
+	friend class PayloadIterator;
+	friend class FakeIU;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _owner_name;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT PayloadDocumentStore _document_store;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::weak_ptr<IUInterface> _iu;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Lock _payload_operation_mode_lock; //< enforcing atomicity wrt the bool flag below
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool _update_on_every_change; //< true: batch update not active; false: collecting updates (payload locked)
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr> _collected_modifications;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> _collected_removals; // TODO use set later? cf. IU, too
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _batch_update_writer_name;
+	protected:
+		/// inherited from ipaaca::Lock, starting batch update collection mode
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void on_lock() override;
+		/// inherited from ipaaca::Lock, finishing batch update collection mode
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void on_unlock() override;
+		/// thread ID for current write access (to let that thread read from cache and others from old payload)
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _writing_thread_id;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void initialize(std::shared_ptr<IUInterface> iu);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _set_owner_name(const std::string& name) { _owner_name = name; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _remotely_enforced_wipe();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _remotely_enforced_delitem(const std::string& k);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _remotely_enforced_setitem(const std::string& k, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr entry);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_replace_all(const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& new_contents, const std::string& writer_name="");
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_merge(const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& contents_to_merge, const std::string& writer_name="");
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_set(const std::string& k, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr v, const std::string& writer_name="");
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_remove(const std::string& k, const std::string& writer_name="");
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_merge_and_remove(const std::map<std::string, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr>& contents_to_merge, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name="");
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Payload(): _batch_update_writer_name(""), _update_on_every_change(true) { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& owner_name() { return _owner_name; }
+		// access
+		/// Obtain a payload item by name as a PayloadEntryProxy (returning null-type proxy if undefined)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy operator[](const std::string& key);
+		/// Legacy / convenience function: interpret the payload map as a map string->string (casting all entries to string)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator std::map<std::string, std::string>();
+		/// remove a single payload entry
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void remove(const std::string& k) { _internal_remove(k); }
+		/// Legacy / convenience function: set the whole payload map from a map string->string (all JSON types are also set as string, no interpretation)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void set(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& all_elems);
+	protected:
+		/// set or overwrite a single payload entry with a PayloadDocumentEntry object (used by PayloadEntryProxy::operator=()).
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void set(const std::string& k, PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr entry) { _internal_set(k, entry); }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr get_entry(const std::string& k); // json, changed str to proxy here, too
+	public:
+		[[deprecated("Use operator[] and operator std::string() instead")]]
+		/// Read a single entry as string [DEPRECATED] (use string conversion in PayloadEntryProxy instead)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string get(const std::string& k);
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT unsigned long internal_revision;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT inline void mark_revision_change() { internal_revision++; }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool revision_changed(unsigned long reference_revision) { return internal_revision != reference_revision; }
+	public:
+		/// obtain a standard iterator marking the first entry in the payload
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadIterator begin();
+		/// obtain a standard iterator past the last entry in the payload
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadIterator end();
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<Payload> ptr;
+};//}}}
+
+/** \brief Standard iterator for Payload (example below)
+ *
+ * \b Examples:
+ * <pre>
+ * // Print all key-value pairs from a payload (C++11)
+ * for (auto kv_pair: myiu->payload()) {
+ *     std::cout << kv_pair.first << " -> " << (std::string) kv_pair.second << std::endl;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ */
+class PayloadIterator//{{{
+{
+	friend class Payload;
+	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const PayloadIterator& iter);
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload* _payload;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT unsigned long reference_payload_revision;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT PayloadDocumentStore::iterator raw_iterator;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadIterator(Payload* payload, PayloadDocumentStore::iterator&& pl_iter ); //, bool is_end);
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadIterator(const PayloadIterator& iter);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadIterator& operator++();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::pair<std::string, PayloadEntryProxy> operator*();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::shared_ptr<std::pair<std::string, PayloadEntryProxy> > operator->();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool operator==(const PayloadIterator& ref);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool operator!=(const PayloadIterator& ref);
+};
+//}}}
+
+/// Iterator over a payload entry that is a json map-type object (returned type during dereferencing: pair<string, PayloadEntryProxy>)
+class PayloadEntryProxyMapIterator//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		typedef rapidjson::GenericDocument<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<rapidjson::CrtAllocator>, rapidjson::CrtAllocator>::ConstMemberIterator RawIterator;
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy* proxy;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT RawIterator raw_iterator;
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyMapIterator(PayloadEntryProxy* proxy, RawIterator&& raw_iter);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyMapIterator& operator++();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::pair<std::string, PayloadEntryProxy> operator*();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::shared_ptr<std::pair<std::string, PayloadEntryProxy> > operator->();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool operator==(const PayloadEntryProxyMapIterator& other_iter);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool operator!=(const PayloadEntryProxyMapIterator& other_iter);
+};
+//}}}
+/// Iterator over a payload entry that is a json list-type object (returned type during dereferencing: PayloadEntryProxy)
+class PayloadEntryProxyListIterator//{{{
+{
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy* proxy;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT size_t current_idx;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT size_t size;
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyListIterator(PayloadEntryProxy* proxy, size_t idx, size_t size);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyListIterator& operator++();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy operator*();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::shared_ptr<PayloadEntryProxy> operator->();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool operator==(const PayloadEntryProxyListIterator& other_iter);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool operator!=(const PayloadEntryProxyListIterator& other_iter);
+};
+//}}}
+/// Interpretation of a variant json value as a map-type object
+class PayloadEntryProxyMapDecorator//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PayloadEntryProxyMapDecorator(PayloadEntryProxy* proxy_): proxy(proxy_) { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyMapIterator begin();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyMapIterator end();
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy* proxy;
+};
+//}}}
+/// Interpretation of a variant json value as a list-type object
+class PayloadEntryProxyListDecorator//{{{
+{
+	public:
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PayloadEntryProxyListDecorator(PayloadEntryProxy* proxy_): proxy(proxy_) { }
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyListIterator begin();
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyListIterator end();
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy* proxy;
+};
+//}}}
+
+/** \brief Reference to an existent or nonexistent payload entry (or a value deeper in the json tree) - examples below:
+ *
+ * This class is returned by IUInterface::operator[].
+ * The proxy handles automatic type conversions, requests remote changes of payloads, and enables navigation into and iteration over structured json objects.
+ *
+ * \b Examples (reading):
+ *
+ * <code>std::string received_name = iu->payload()["name"];</code>  // implicit conversion using operator string()
+ *
+ * <code>std::vector<double> vd = iu->payload()["double_list"];</code>  // some standard container types also supported
+ * 
+ * <code>auto p = iu->payload()["otherKey"];</code>  // auto type is PayloadEntryProxy (conversion is on-demand)
+ *
+ * <code>for (auto val: iu->payload()["my_list"].as_list()) { ... }</code>  // as_list is required to select list-type iteration (value type in iteration remains variant)
+ *
+ * <code>for (auto k_v_pair: iu->payload()["my_map"].as_map()) { ... }</code>  // as_map is required to select map-type iteration (value type in iteration is a pair, second part remains variant)
+ *
+ * \b Examples (writing):
+ * 
+ * <code>iu->payload()["my_new_item"] = "new value";</code>  // most basic operation, set string value
+ *
+ * <code>iu->payload()["double_list"][0] = 100.0;</code>  // accessing and updating an item in a list
+ *
+ * <code>iu->payload()["name_list"] = std::list<std::string>{"Alpha", "Bravo", "Charlie"};</code>  // set from basic uniform containers
+ *
+ * <code>iu->payload()["name_list"].push_back("--- adding some numbers below ---");</code>  // append a supported value to an existing list
+ *
+ * <code>iu->payload()["name_list"].extend(iu->payload()["double_list"]);</code>  // extend list by items; \b Note: all setters also accept proxies as source values, creating copies of values
+ */
+class PayloadEntryProxy//{{{
+{
+	friend class Payload;
+	friend class PayloadIterator;
+	friend class PayloadDocumentEntry;
+	friend class PayloadEntryProxyListDecorator;
+	friend class PayloadEntryProxyListIterator;
+	friend class PayloadEntryProxyMapDecorator;
+	friend class PayloadEntryProxyMapIterator;
+	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const PayloadEntryProxy& proxy);
+	public:
+		/// Select map-style iteration for this proxy (to select iterator content type). Will throw if not actually map-type. See example in the class description.
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyMapDecorator as_map();
+		/// Select list-style iteration for this proxy (to select iterator content type). Will throw if not actually list-type. See example in the class description.
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxyListDecorator as_list();
+	protected:
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload* _payload;
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _key;
+		// new json stuff / hierarchical navigation
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy* parent; ///< Parent proxy (up to document root -> then null)
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr document_entry; // contains lock and json Doc
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool existent; ///< Whether Value exists already (or else 'blindly' navigated)
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool addressed_as_array; ///< Whether long or string navigation was used
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT long addressed_index; ///< Index that was used in list-style access
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string addressed_key; ///< Key that was used in map-style access
+		/// currently navigated value in json tree (or a new Null value)
+		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT rapidjson::Value* json_value; ///< json value that corresponds to the current navigation (or nullptr)
+	protected:
+                // set internal json value object
+                void set_json_value(rapidjson::Value* json_value, const std::string& diag) {
+                    IPAACA_DEBUG("Set json_value of " << _key << " to ptr " << (off_t) json_value << " - reason: " << diag)
+                    this->json_value = json_value;
+                }
+		// constructor to create a new top-most parent proxy (from a payload key)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy(Payload* payload, const std::string& key);
+		// constructors for navigation through objects
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy(PayloadEntryProxy* parent, const std::string& addressed_key);
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy(PayloadEntryProxy* parent, size_t addressed_index);
+	public:
+		/// Return number of contained items (or 0 for non-container types)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT size_t size();
+		/// Return whether value corresponds to json 'null'; also true if value is nonexistent so far (e.g. navigated to new map entry)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool is_null();
+		/// Return whether value is of string type
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool is_string();
+		/// Return whether value is of a numerical type
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool is_number();
+		/// Return whether value is of list type
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool is_list();
+		/// Return whether value is of map type
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool is_map();
+	public:
+		/// Array-style navigation over json value
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy operator[](size_t index); // array-style navigation
+		/// Array-style navigation over json value (added to catch [0])
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy operator[](int index); // int is UNFORTUNATELY required to catch
+																	  // [0] (addressing using literal zero)
+																	  // because ambiguity with const char*
+																	  // arises if only [](size_t) is provided.
+																	  // size_t is obviously superior ...
+																	  // TODO: remove if better solution known
+		/// Dict-style navigation over json value
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy operator[](const std::string& key); // dict-style navigation
+		/// Dict-style navigation over json value
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy operator[](const char* key);
+		//
+		/// Set or overwrite some portion of a payload from the point navigated to
+		template<typename T> PayloadEntryProxy& operator=(T t)
+		{
+			PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr new_entry = document_entry->clone(); // copy-on-write, no lock required
+			rapidjson::Value& newval = new_entry->get_or_create_nested_value_from_proxy_path(this);
+			pack_into_json_value(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator(), t);
+			_payload->set(_key, new_entry);
+			return *this;
+		}
+		/// Value comparison with other proxy contents
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool operator==(const PayloadEntryProxy& otherproxy) { return (json_value && otherproxy.json_value && ((*json_value)==*(otherproxy.json_value))); }
+		/// Value comparison with other proxy contents
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool operator!=(const PayloadEntryProxy& otherproxy) { return !operator==(otherproxy); }
+		/// Value comparison with supported basic types
+		template<typename T> bool operator==(T othervalue)
+		{
+			if (!json_value) return false;
+			try {
+				return json_value_cast<T>(*json_value) == othervalue;
+			} catch(PayloadTypeConversionError& ex) {
+				// assume conversion error = type mismatch = unequal
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		/// Value comparison with supported basic types
+		template<typename T> bool operator!=(T othervalue) { return !operator==(othervalue); }
+		/// Value comparison with char* (required to be explicitly added)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool operator==(const char* othervalue)
+		{
+			if (!json_value) return false;
+			return json_value_cast<std::string>(*json_value) == othervalue;
+		}
+		/// Value comparison with char* (required to be explicitly added)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool operator!=(const char* othervalue) { return !operator==(othervalue); }
+		
+		/// Copy value from below other json node, preserving types
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy& operator=(const PayloadEntryProxy& otherproxy);
+		
+		/// Conversion to std::string (explicit or implicit)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator std::string();
+		/// Conversion to int (explicit or implicit)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator int();
+		/// Conversion to long (explicit or implicit)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator long();
+		/// Conversion to double (explicit or implicit)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator double();
+		/// Conversion to bool (explicit or implicit)
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator bool();
+		/// Conversion to uniform std::vector of supported basic type
+		template<typename Inner> operator std::vector<Inner>() {
+			if ((!json_value) || (!json_value->IsArray())) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			std::vector<Inner> result;
+			for (auto it = json_value->Begin(); it != json_value->End(); ++it) {
+				result.push_back( json_value_cast<Inner>(*it) );
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+		/// Conversion to uniform std::list of supported basic type
+		template<typename Inner> operator std::list<Inner>() {
+			if ((!json_value) || (!json_value->IsArray())) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			std::list<Inner> result;
+			for (auto it = json_value->Begin(); it != json_value->End(); ++it) {
+				result.push_back( json_value_cast<Inner>(*it) );
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+		/// Conversion to uniform std::map of string -> supported basic type
+		template<typename Inner> operator std::map<std::string, Inner>() {
+			if ((!json_value) || (!json_value->IsObject())) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			std::map<std::string, Inner> result;
+			for (auto it = json_value->MemberBegin(); it != json_value->MemberEnd(); ++it) {
+				result[std::string(it->name.GetString())] = json_value_cast<Inner>(it->value);
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+		// TODO maybe remove these deprecated converters later
+		/// [DECPRECATED] use normal type conversion syntax instead
+		[[deprecated("Use operator std::string() instead (i.e. explicit or implicit cast)")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string to_str();
+		//long to_int() { return operator long(); ;
+		/// [DECPRECATED] use normal type conversion syntax instead
+		[[deprecated("Use operator int() instead (i.e. explicit or implicit cast)")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT int to_int();
+		/// [DECPRECATED] use normal type conversion syntax instead
+		[[deprecated("Use operator long() instead (i.e. explicit or implicit cast)")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT long to_long();
+		/// [DECPRECATED] use normal type conversion syntax instead
+		[[deprecated("Use operator double() instead (i.e. explicit or implicit cast)")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT double to_float();
+		/// [DECPRECATED] use normal type conversion syntax instead
+		[[deprecated("Use operator double() instead (i.e. explicit or implicit cast)")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT double to_double();
+		/// [DECPRECATED] use normal type conversion syntax instead
+		[[deprecated("Use operator bool() instead (i.e. explicit or implicit cast)")]]
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool to_bool();
+		/// Append a supported type to a list-type payload value
+		template<typename T> void push_back(T t)
+		{
+			if ((!json_value) || (!json_value->IsArray())) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr new_entry = document_entry->clone(); // copy-on-write, no lock required
+			rapidjson::Value& list = new_entry->get_or_create_nested_value_from_proxy_path(this);
+			rapidjson::Value newval;
+			pack_into_json_value(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator(), t);
+			list.PushBack(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator());
+			_payload->set(_key, new_entry);
+		}
+		/// Append the value of another proxy (or a null value) to a list-type value
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void push_back(const PayloadEntryProxy& otherproxy)
+		{
+			if ((!json_value) || (!json_value->IsArray())) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr new_entry = document_entry->clone(); // copy-on-write, no lock required
+			rapidjson::Value& list = new_entry->get_or_create_nested_value_from_proxy_path(this);
+			rapidjson::Value newval;
+			auto valueptr = otherproxy.json_value;
+			if (valueptr) { // only set if value is valid, keep default null value otherwise
+				newval.CopyFrom(*valueptr, new_entry->document.GetAllocator());
+			}
+			list.PushBack(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator());
+			_payload->set(_key, new_entry);
+		}
+		/// Extend a list-type payload value with a vector containing items of a supported type
+		template<typename T> void extend(const std::vector<T>& ts)
+		{
+			if ((!json_value) || (!json_value->IsArray())) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr new_entry = document_entry->clone(); // copy-on-write, no lock required
+			rapidjson::Value& list = new_entry->get_or_create_nested_value_from_proxy_path(this);
+			for (auto& t: ts) {
+				rapidjson::Value newval;
+				pack_into_json_value(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator(), t);
+				list.PushBack(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator());
+			}
+			_payload->set(_key, new_entry);
+		}
+		/// Extend a list-type payload value with a list containing items of a supported type
+		template<typename T> void extend(const std::list<T>& ts)
+		{
+			if ((!json_value) || (!json_value->IsArray())) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr new_entry = document_entry->clone(); // copy-on-write, no lock required
+			rapidjson::Value& list = new_entry->get_or_create_nested_value_from_proxy_path(this);
+			for (auto& t: ts) {
+				rapidjson::Value newval;
+				pack_into_json_value(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator(), t);
+				list.PushBack(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator());
+			}
+			_payload->set(_key, new_entry);
+		}
+		/// Extend a list-type payload value with items (copies) from another list-type value
+		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void extend(const PayloadEntryProxy& otherproxy)
+		{
+			if ((!json_value) || (!json_value->IsArray())) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			if ((!otherproxy.json_value) || (!(otherproxy.json_value->IsArray()))) throw PayloadAddressingError();
+			PayloadDocumentEntry::ptr new_entry = document_entry->clone(); // copy-on-write, no lock required
+			rapidjson::Value& list = new_entry->get_or_create_nested_value_from_proxy_path(this);
+			for (size_t i=0; i<otherproxy.json_value->Size(); ++i) {
+				rapidjson::Value newval;
+				rapidjson::Value& value = (*(otherproxy.json_value))[i];
+				newval.CopyFrom(value, new_entry->document.GetAllocator());
+				list.PushBack(newval, new_entry->document.GetAllocator());
+			}
+			_payload->set(_key, new_entry);
+		}
+};
+
+//}}}
+
+#endif

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca-string-utils.h

+/*
+ * This file is part of IPAACA, the
+ *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
+ *
+ * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
+ * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
+ *
+ * This file may be licensed under the terms of of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (the ``LGPL''),
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed
+ * on an ``AS IS'' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the LGPL for the specific language
+ * governing rights and limitations.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
+ * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
+ * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * The development of this software was supported by the
+ * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
+ * The Excellence Cluster EXC 277 is a grant of the Deutsche
+ * Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the context of the German
+ * Excellence Initiative.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca-string_utils.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for data and exception types and helper functions.
+ *
+ * Users should not include this file directly, but use ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   March, 2015
+ */
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_string_utils_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_string_utils_h_INCLUDED__
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#error "Please do not include this file directly, use ipaaca.h instead"
+#endif
+
+// in ipaaca-string-utils.cc
+// additional misc functions ( String splitting / joining )//{{{
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string str_trim(const std::string &s);
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string str_join(const std::set<std::string>& set,const std::string& sep);
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string str_join(const std::vector<std::string>& vec,const std::string& sep);
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT int str_split_wipe(const std::string& str, std::vector<std::string>& tokens, const std::string& delimiters );
+IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT int str_split_append(const std::string& str, std::vector<std::string>& tokens, const std::string& delimiters );
+//}}}
+
+#endif
+

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/ipaaca.h

 /*
  * This file is part of IPAACA, the
  *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
- *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".  
+ *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2009-2013 Sociable Agents Group
- *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University   
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
  *
  * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
  * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@
  * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this
  * program. If not, go to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html
  * or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
- * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  *
  * The development of this software was supported by the
  * Excellence Cluster EXC 277 Cognitive Interaction Technology.
@@ -30,40 +31,147 @@
  * Excellence Initiative.
  */
 
-#ifndef __IPAACA_H__
-#define __IPAACA_H__
+/**
+ * \file   ipaaca.h
+ *
+ * \brief Central header file for IPAACA-C++.
+ *
+ * This is the central header file for the C++ version of IPAACA. Users should <b>include this file only.</b>
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   March, 2015
+ */
+
+/**
+\mainpage Documentation for IPAACA-C++
+This is the automatically generated documentation for the C++ implementation of IPAACA.
+
+Protocol version: $(IPAACA_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MAJOR).$(IPAACA_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MINOR) \n
+Release number: $(IPAACA_CPP_RELEASE_NUMBER) \n
+Release date: $(IPAACA_CPP_RELEASE_DATE)
+
+<b>IPAACA, the Incremental Processing Architecture for Artificial Conversational Agents, is available via <a href="https://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/wiki"><b>its project page on CITEC Open Source</b></a>.</b>
+
+IPAACA is (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Germany
+
+The corresponding maintainer of this C++ version is Ramin Yaghoubzadeh Torky, ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de
+
+<h3>List of most relevant entry points for application developers:</h3>
+
+Buffers: InputBuffer, OutputBuffer
+
+IUs: IUInterface, IU, Message
+
+IU handling (user-set): #IUEventHandlerFunction
+
+IU payload contents: Payload, PayloadEntryProxy
+
+<h3>Short examples:</h3>
+
+<h4>Encapsulated listener</h4>
+<pre>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca.h>
+
+class ReceiverCpp {
+    public:
+    void handle_iu_inbuf(ipaaca::IUInterface::ptr iu, ipaaca::IUEventType etype, bool local)
+    {
+        // Inspect category and IUEventType (ADDED, UPDATED...)
+        std::cout << ipaaca::iu_event_type_to_str(etype) << " category=" << iu->category() << " uid=" << iu->uid() << std::endl;
+        // Access payload
+        for (auto kv : iu->payload()) {
+            std::cout << "Payload entry '" << kv.first << "': " << ((std::string) kv.second) << std::endl;
+        }
+        // Access any links
+        auto links = iu->get_all_links();
+        for (auto kv : iu->get_all_links()) {
+            std::cout << "'" << kv.first << "' links to these IUs: ";
+            for (const auto& lnk : kv.second) {
+                std::cout << lnk << "  ";
+            }
+            std::cout << std::endl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int run()
+    {
+        auto ib = ipaaca::InputBuffer::create("myRecvProgName", std::set<std::string>{"myCategory"});
+        ib->register_handler(IPAACA_BIND_CLASS_HANDLER(&ReceiverCpp::handle_iu_inbuf, this)) // bind to member
+        std::cout << "Listening for all IU events (until Ctrl-C) ..." << std::endl;
+        while (true) {
+            sleep(5);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+};
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    ipaaca::__ipaaca_static_option_log_level = IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG; // if you want this
+    ReceiverCpp rcpp;
+    rcpp.run();
+}
+</pre>
+<h4>Minimal sender</h4>
+<pre>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    auto out_buf = ipaaca::OutputBuffer::create("myProgramName");
+    auto iu = ipaaca::Message::create("myCategory");
+    iu->payload()["test"] = 123; // NOTE: see also #PayloadEntryProxy
+    out_buf->add(iu);            // will be broadcast now
+    return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+
+
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
+#define __ipaaca_h_INCLUDED__
 
 /// ipaaca/IU/RSB protocol major version number
-#define IPAACA_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MAJOR         1
+#define IPAACA_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MAJOR         4
 /// ipaaca/IU/RSB protocol minor version number
-#define IPAACA_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MINOR         0
+#define IPAACA_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MINOR         1
 
 /// running release number of ipaaca-c++
-#define IPAACA_CPP_RELEASE_NUMBER             11
+#define IPAACA_CPP_RELEASE_NUMBER             17
 /// date of last release number increment
-#define IPAACA_CPP_RELEASE_DATE     "2014-02-10"
+#define IPAACA_CPP_RELEASE_DATE     "2019-02-14"
 
 #ifndef __FUNCTION_NAME__
-	#ifdef WIN32   // Windows
+	#if _WIN32 || _WIN64   // Windows
 		#define __FUNCTION_NAME__   __FUNCTION__
 	#else          // POSIX
 		#define __FUNCTION_NAME__   __func__
 	#endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined (_WIN32)
-	#if defined(ipaaca_EXPORTS)
-		#define  IPAACA_EXPORT
-// __declspec(dllexport)
-		#define  IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
-		#define  IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT
-// __declspec(dllexport)
+#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
+	#define IPAACA_SYSTEM_DEPENDENT_CLASS_NAME(c) "class "##c
+#else
+	#define IPAACA_SYSTEM_DEPENDENT_CLASS_NAME(c) c
+#endif
+
+#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
+	#if defined(IPAACA_STATIC_BINARY)
+		#define IPAACA_EXPORT
+		#define IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT
+		#define IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT
 	#else
-		#define  IPAACA_EXPORT
-// __declspec(dllimport)
-		#define  IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
-		#define  IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT
-// __declspec(dllimport)
+		#if defined(ipaaca_EXPORTS)
+			#define  IPAACA_EXPORT
+			#define  IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+			#define  IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT
+		#else
+			#define  IPAACA_EXPORT
+			#define  IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+			#define  IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT
+		#endif
 	#endif
 #else
 	#define IPAACA_EXPORT
@@ -71,34 +179,49 @@
 	#define IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT
 #endif
 
+// retrieve basename of source files for more readable logging
+#define __FILE_BASENAME__ (strrchr(__FILE__,'/') ? strrchr(__FILE__,'/')+1 : __FILE__)
+#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
+	#define _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_NORMAL ""
+	#define _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_DEBUG  ""
+	#define _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_WARN   ""
+	#define _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_ERROR  ""
+#else
+	#define _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_NORMAL "\033[m"
+	#define _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_DEBUG "\033[37m"
+	#define _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_WARN "\033[38;5;208m"
+	#define _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_ERROR "\033[38;5;196m"
+#endif
 #ifdef IPAACA_DEBUG_MESSAGES
-#define IPAACA_INFO(i) std::cout << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- " << i << std::endl;
-#define IPAACA_WARNING(i) std::cout << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- WARNING: " << i << std::endl;
-#define IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME std::cout << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- IMPLEMENT ME" << std::endl;
-#define IPAACA_TODO(i) std::cout << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- TODO: " << i << std::endl;
+// Full debug messages mode
+#define IPAACA_DEBUG(i)     if (__ipaaca_static_option_log_level>=IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG) { std::cout << _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_DEBUG << "[Debug] " << __FILE_BASENAME__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- " << i << _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_NORMAL << std::endl; }
+#define IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME if (__ipaaca_static_option_log_level>=IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO) { std::cout <<     "[Info]  " << __FILE_BASENAME__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- IMPLEMENT ME" << std::endl; }
+#define IPAACA_TODO(i)      if (__ipaaca_static_option_log_level>=IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO) { std::cout <<     "[Info]  " << __FILE_BASENAME__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- TODO: " << i << std::endl; }
 #else
-#define IPAACA_INFO(i) ;
-#define IPAACA_WARNING(i) ;
+#define IPAACA_DEBUG(i) ;
 #define IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME ;
 #define IPAACA_TODO(i) ;
 #endif
-
-#ifdef IPAACA_EXPOSE_FULL_RSB_API
-#include <rsc/runtime/TypeStringTools.h>
-#include <rsb/Factory.h>
-#include <rsb/Handler.h>
-#include <rsb/Event.h>
-#include <rsb/ParticipantConfig.h>
-#include <rsb/converter/Repository.h>
-#include <rsb/converter/ProtocolBufferConverter.h>
-#include <rsb/converter/Converter.h>
-#include <rsb/rsbexports.h>
-#endif
-
+// Always compile in info and above, even if debug messages disabled.
+//  You can set __ipaaca_static_option_log_level (e.g. IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_NONE for silence).
+#define IPAACA_INFO(i)      if (__ipaaca_static_option_log_level>=IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO) { std::cout <<     "[Info]  " << __FILE_BASENAME__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- " << i << std::endl; }
+#define IPAACA_WARNING(i)   if (__ipaaca_static_option_log_level>=IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING) { std::cout << _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_WARN <<  "[WARN]  " << __FILE_BASENAME__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- WARNING: " << i << _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_NORMAL << std::endl; }
+#define IPAACA_ERROR(i)     if (__ipaaca_static_option_log_level>=IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR) { std::cout << _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_ERROR <<    "[ERROR] " << __FILE_BASENAME__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- ERROR: " << i << _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_NORMAL << std::endl; }
+#define IPAACA_CRITICAL(i)  if (__ipaaca_static_option_log_level>=IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL) { std::cout << _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_ERROR << "[CRITICAL] " << __FILE_BASENAME__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION_NAME__ << "() -- CRITICAL: " << i << _IPAACA_LOG_COLOR_NORMAL << std::endl; }
+
+// new json-based payload API, used in several classes
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 1
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+#include "rapidjson/filereadstream.h"
+#include "rapidjson/filewritestream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
 
 /// marking pure virtual functions for extra readability
 #define _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_
 
+#define _IPAACA_OVERRIDE_ override
+
 /// value to return when reading nonexistant payload keys
 #define IPAACA_PAYLOAD_DEFAULT_STRING_VALUE ""
 
@@ -107,871 +230,116 @@
 
 
 #include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
 
 // for logger
 #include <iomanip>
 
-#ifdef WIN32
+#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
 // for Windows
+//  time
 #include <time.h>
+//  and env
+#define IPAACA_SETENV(k, v) _putenv_s(k, v);
 #else
-// for Linux and OS X
+// for Linux and MacOS
+//  time
 #include <sys/time.h>
+//  and env
+#define IPAACA_SETENV(k, v) setenv(k, v, 1);
 #endif
 
-#ifndef Q_MOC_RUN
-#include <boost/bind.hpp>
-#include <boost/function.hpp>
-#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
-#include <boost/weak_ptr.hpp>
-#include <boost/pointer_cast.hpp>
-#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
-#endif
+#include <cstdlib>
 
-#include <ipaaca/ipaaca.pb.h>
-
-#include <set>
 
-namespace ipaaca {
-
-typedef uint32_t revision_t;
-
-/// Type of the IU event. Realized as an integer to enable bit masks for filters.
-typedef uint32_t IUEventType;
-#define IU_ADDED         1
-#define IU_COMMITTED     2
-#define IU_DELETED       4
-#define IU_RETRACTED     8
-#define IU_UPDATED      16
-#define IU_LINKSUPDATED 32
-#define IU_MESSAGE      64
-/// Bit mask for receiving all events
-#define IU_ALL_EVENTS  127
-
-/// Convert an int event type to a human-readable string
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline std::string iu_event_type_to_str(IUEventType type)
-{
-	switch(type) {
-		case IU_ADDED: return "ADDED";
-		case IU_COMMITTED: return "COMMITTED";
-		case IU_DELETED: return "DELETED";
-		case IU_RETRACTED: return "RETRACTED";
-		case IU_UPDATED: return "UPDATED";
-		case IU_LINKSUPDATED: return "LINKSUPDATED";
-		case IU_MESSAGE: return "MESSAGE";
-		default: return "(NOT A KNOWN SINGLE IU EVENT TYPE)";
-	}
-}
-
-/// IU access mode: PUSH means that updates are broadcast; REMOTE means that reads are RPC calls; MESSAGE means a fire-and-forget message
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT enum IUAccessMode {
-	IU_ACCESS_PUSH,
-	IU_ACCESS_REMOTE,
-	IU_ACCESS_MESSAGE
-};
-
-class PayloadEntryProxy;
-class Payload;
-class IUInterface;
-class IU;
-class Message;
-class RemotePushIU;
-class IULinkUpdate;
-class IUPayloadUpdate;
-class IUStore;
-class FrozenIUStore;
-class Buffer;
-class InputBuffer;
-class OutputBuffer;
-
-//class InputBufferRsbAdaptor;
-//class OutputBufferRsbAdaptor;
-
-class CallbackIUPayloadUpdate;
-class CallbackIULinkUpdate;
-class CallbackIUCommission;
-class CallbackIURetraction;
-
-class IUConverter;
-class MessageConverter;
-class IUPayloadUpdateConverter;
-class IULinkUpdateConverter;
-class IntConverter;
-
-/// generate a UUID as an ASCII string
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string generate_uuid_string();
-
-/// store for (local) IUs. TODO Stores need to be unified more
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUStore: public std::map<std::string, boost::shared_ptr<IU> >
-{
-};
-/// store for RemotePushIUs. TODO Stores need to be unified more
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class RemotePushIUStore: public std::map<std::string, boost::shared_ptr<RemotePushIU> > // TODO genericize to all remote IU types
-{
-};
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Exception: public std::exception//{{{
-{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _description;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Exception(const std::string& description=""): _description(description) { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Exception() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT const char* what() const throw() {
-			return _description.c_str();
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Abort: public std::exception//{{{
-{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _description;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Abort(const std::string& description=""): _description(description) { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Abort() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT const char* what() const throw() {
-			return _description.c_str();
-		}
-};//}}}
-
-/// a reentrant lock/mutex
-#ifdef WIN32
-#include <boost/thread/recursive_mutex.hpp>
-#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Lock
-{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT boost::recursive_mutex _mutex;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Lock() {
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Lock() {
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void lock() {
-			_mutex.lock();
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void unlock() {
-			_mutex.unlock();
-		}
-};
+#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
+#include <rpc.h>
 #else
-#include <pthread.h>
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Lock
-{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT pthread_mutexattr_t _attrs;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT pthread_mutex_t _mutex;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Lock() {
-			pthread_mutexattr_init(&_attrs);
-			pthread_mutexattr_settype(&_attrs, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
-			pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex, &_attrs);
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Lock() {
-			pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex);
-			pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&_attrs);
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void lock() {
-			pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void unlock() {
-			pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
-		}
-};
+#include <uuid/uuid.h>
+#include <glob.h>
 #endif
 
-/// Stack-based lock holder. Create in a new stack frame
-///  (i.e.  {}-block) and it will obtain the lock and
-///  auto-release in on exiting the stack frame.
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Locker
-{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Lock* _lock;
-	private:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Locker(): _lock(NULL) { } // not available
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Locker(Lock& lock): _lock(&lock) {
-			//std::cout << "-- Locker: lock" << std::endl;
-			_lock->lock();
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Locker() {
-			//std::cout << "-- Locker: unlock" << std::endl;
-			_lock->unlock();
-		}
-};
-
-#ifndef WIN32
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class PthreadMutexLocker
-{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT pthread_mutex_t* _lock;
-	private:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PthreadMutexLocker(): _lock(NULL) { } // not available
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline PthreadMutexLocker(pthread_mutex_t* lock): _lock(lock) {
-			if (!lock) throw Exception("PthreadMutexLocker got a NULL mutex!");
-			pthread_mutex_lock(_lock);
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~PthreadMutexLocker() {
-			pthread_mutex_unlock(_lock);
-		}
-};
-#endif
 
-typedef std::set<std::string> LinkSet;
-typedef std::map<std::string, LinkSet> LinkMap;
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class SmartLinkMap {
-	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const SmartLinkMap& obj);
-	friend class IUInterface;
-	friend class IU;
-	friend class IUConverter;
-	friend class MessageConverter;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT const LinkSet& get_links(const std::string& key);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT const LinkMap& get_all_links();
-	
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT LinkMap _links;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT static LinkSet empty_link_set;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _add_and_remove_links(const LinkMap& add, const LinkMap& remove);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _replace_links(const LinkMap& links);
-};
-
-IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT const LinkSet EMPTY_LINK_SET;
-//const std::set<std::string> EMPTY_LINK_SET;
-
-//typedef boost::function<void (const std::string&, bool, IUEventType, const std::string&)> IUEventHandlerFunction;
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT typedef boost::function<void (boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface>, IUEventType, bool)> IUEventHandlerFunction;
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUEventHandler {
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT IUEventHandlerFunction _function;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT IUEventType _event_mask;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool _for_all_categories;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::set<std::string> _categories;
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool _condition_met(IUEventType event_type, const std::string& category)
-		{
-			return ((_event_mask&event_type)!=0) && (_for_all_categories || (_categories.count(category)>0));
-		}
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IUEventHandler(IUEventHandlerFunction function, IUEventType event_mask, const std::string& category);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IUEventHandler(IUEventHandlerFunction function, IUEventType event_mask, const std::set<std::string>& categories);
-		//void call(Buffer* buffer, const std::string& uid, bool local, IUEventType event_type, const std::string& category);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void call(Buffer* buffer, boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> iu, bool local, IUEventType event_type, const std::string& category);
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<IUEventHandler> ptr;
-};
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Buffer { //: public boost::enable_shared_from_this<Buffer> {//{{{
-	friend class IU;
-	friend class RemotePushIU;
-	friend class CallbackIUPayloadUpdate;
-	friend class CallbackIULinkUpdate;
-	friend class CallbackIUCommission;
-	protected:
-		//Lock _handler_lock;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _uuid;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _basename;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _unique_name;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _id_prefix;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::vector<IUEventHandler::ptr> _event_handlers;
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void _send_iu_link_update(IUInterface* iu, bool is_delta, revision_t revision, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name="undef") = 0;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void _send_iu_payload_update(IUInterface* iu, bool is_delta, revision_t revision, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name="undef") = 0;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void _send_iu_commission(IUInterface* iu, revision_t revision, const std::string& writer_name="undef") = 0;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _allocate_unique_name(const std::string& basename, const std::string& function);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Buffer(const std::string& basename, const std::string& function) {
-			_allocate_unique_name(basename, function);
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void call_iu_event_handlers(boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> iu, bool local, IUEventType event_type, const std::string& category);
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual inline ~Buffer() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& unique_name() { return _unique_name; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void register_handler(IUEventHandlerFunction function, IUEventType event_mask, const std::set<std::string>& categories);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void register_handler(IUEventHandlerFunction function, IUEventType event_mask = IU_ALL_EVENTS, const std::string& category="");
-		//_IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void add(boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> iu) = 0;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> get(const std::string& iu_uid) = 0;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual std::set<boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> > get_ius() = 0;
-};
-//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class OutputBuffer: public Buffer { //, public boost::enable_shared_from_this<OutputBuffer>  {//{{{
-	friend class IU;
-	friend class RemotePushIU;
-	friend class OutputBufferRsbAdaptor;
-	protected:
-	protected:
-		//OutputBufferRsbAdaptor _rsb;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT IUStore _iu_store;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Lock _iu_id_counter_lock;
-#ifdef IPAACA_EXPOSE_FULL_RSB_API
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, rsb::Informer<rsb::AnyType>::Ptr> _informer_store;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT rsb::patterns::ServerPtr _server;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rsb::Informer<rsb::AnyType>::Ptr _get_informer(const std::string& category);
-#endif
-	protected:
-		// informing functions
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _send_iu_link_update(IUInterface* iu, bool is_delta, revision_t revision, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name="undef");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _send_iu_payload_update(IUInterface* iu, bool is_delta, revision_t revision, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name="undef");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _send_iu_commission(IUInterface* iu, revision_t revision, const std::string& writer_name);
-		// remote access functions
-		// _remote_update_links(IULinkUpdate)
-		// _remote_update_payload(IUPayloadUpdate)
-		// _remote_commit(protobuf::IUCommission)
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _publish_iu(boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _retract_iu(boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu);
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT OutputBuffer(const std::string& basename);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _initialize_server();
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<OutputBuffer> create(const std::string& basename);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT ~OutputBuffer() {
-			IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void add(boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT boost::shared_ptr<IU> remove(const std::string& iu_uid);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT boost::shared_ptr<IU> remove(boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> get(const std::string& iu_uid);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::set<boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> > get_ius();
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<OutputBuffer> ptr;
-};
-//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class InputBuffer: public Buffer { //, public boost::enable_shared_from_this<InputBuffer>  {//{{{
-	friend class IU;
-	friend class RemotePushIU;
-	friend class InputBufferRsbAdaptor;
-		//InputBufferRsbAdaptor _rsb;
-#ifdef IPAACA_EXPOSE_FULL_RSB_API
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, rsb::ListenerPtr> _listener_store;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, rsb::patterns::RemoteServerPtr> _remote_server_store;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT RemotePushIUStore _iu_store;  // TODO genericize
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rsb::patterns::RemoteServerPtr _get_remote_server(const std::string& unique_server_name);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rsb::ListenerPtr _create_category_listener_if_needed(const std::string& category);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _handle_iu_events(rsb::EventPtr event);
-#endif
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _send_iu_link_update(IUInterface* iu, bool is_delta, revision_t revision, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name="undef")
-		{
-			IPAACA_WARNING("(ERROR) InputBuffer::_send_iu_link_update() should never be invoked")
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _send_iu_payload_update(IUInterface* iu, bool is_delta, revision_t revision, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name="undef")
-		{
-			IPAACA_WARNING("(ERROR) InputBuffer::_send_iu_payload_update() should never be invoked")
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _send_iu_commission(IUInterface* iu, revision_t revision, const std::string& writer_name="undef")
-		{
-			IPAACA_WARNING("(ERROR) InputBuffer::_send_iu_commission() should never be invoked")
-		}
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT InputBuffer(const std::string& basename, const std::set<std::string>& category_interests);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT InputBuffer(const std::string& basename, const std::vector<std::string>& category_interests);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT InputBuffer(const std::string& basename, const std::string& category_interest1);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT InputBuffer(const std::string& basename, const std::string& category_interest1, const std::string& category_interest2);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT InputBuffer(const std::string& basename, const std::string& category_interest1, const std::string& category_interest2, const std::string& category_interest3);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT InputBuffer(const std::string& basename, const std::string& category_interest1, const std::string& category_interest2, const std::string& category_interest3, const std::string& category_interest4);
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<InputBuffer> create(const std::string& basename, const std::set<std::string>& category_interests);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<InputBuffer> create(const std::string& basename, const std::vector<std::string>& category_interests);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<InputBuffer> create(const std::string& basename, const std::string& category_interest1);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<InputBuffer> create(const std::string& basename, const std::string& category_interest1, const std::string& category_interest2);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<InputBuffer> create(const std::string& basename, const std::string& category_interest1, const std::string& category_interest2, const std::string& category_interest3);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<InputBuffer> create(const std::string& basename, const std::string& category_interest1, const std::string& category_interest2, const std::string& category_interest3, const std::string& category_interest4);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT ~InputBuffer() {
-			IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> get(const std::string& iu_uid);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::set<boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> > get_ius();
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<InputBuffer> ptr;
-};
-//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUPayloadUpdate {//{{{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string uid;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT revision_t revision;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string writer_name;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool is_delta;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, std::string> new_items;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::vector<std::string> keys_to_remove;
-	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const IUPayloadUpdate& obj);
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<IUPayloadUpdate> ptr;
-};//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IULinkUpdate {//{{{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string uid;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT revision_t revision;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string writer_name;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool is_delta;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, std::set<std::string> > new_links;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, std::set<std::string> > links_to_remove;
-	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const IULinkUpdate& obj);
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<IULinkUpdate> ptr;
-};//}}}
-
-
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Initializer
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static void initialize_ipaaca_rsb_if_needed();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static void initialize_updated_default_config();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static bool initialized();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static void dump_current_default_config();
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT static bool _initialized;
-};
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class PayloadEntryProxy//{{{
-{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload* _payload;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _key;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy(Payload* payload, const std::string& key);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy& operator=(const std::string& value);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy& operator=(const char* value);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy& operator=(double value);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy& operator=(bool value);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator std::string();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator long();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator double();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator bool();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline std::string to_str() { return operator std::string(); }
-		//inline long to_int() { return operator long(); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline long to_long() { return operator long(); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline double to_float() { return operator double(); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool to_bool() { return operator bool(); }
-};//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Payload//{{{
-{
-	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Payload& obj);
-	friend class IUInterface;
-	friend class IU;
-	friend class Message;
-	friend class RemotePushIU;
-	friend class RemoteMessage;
-	friend class IUConverter;
-	friend class MessageConverter;
-	friend class CallbackIUPayloadUpdate;
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _owner_name;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, std::string> _store;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT boost::weak_ptr<IUInterface> _iu;
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void initialize(boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> iu);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _set_owner_name(const std::string& name) { _owner_name = name; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _remotely_enforced_wipe();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _remotely_enforced_delitem(const std::string& k);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _remotely_enforced_setitem(const std::string& k, const std::string& v);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_replace_all(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_contents, const std::string& writer_name="");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_merge(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& contents_to_merge, const std::string& writer_name="");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_set(const std::string& k, const std::string& v, const std::string& writer_name="");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_remove(const std::string& k, const std::string& writer_name="");
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& owner_name() { return _owner_name; }
-		// access
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT PayloadEntryProxy operator[](const std::string& key);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT operator std::map<std::string, std::string>();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void set(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& all_elems) { _internal_replace_all(all_elems); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void set(const std::string& k, const std::string& v) { _internal_set(k, v); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void merge(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& elems_to_merge) { _internal_merge(elems_to_merge); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void remove(const std::string& k) { _internal_remove(k); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string get(const std::string& k);
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<Payload> ptr;
-};//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUInterface {//{{{
-	friend class IUConverter;
-	friend class MessageConverter;
-	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const IUInterface& obj);
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IUInterface();
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline virtual ~IUInterface() { }
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _uid;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT revision_t _revision;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _category;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _payload_type; // default is "MAP"
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::string _owner_name;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool _committed;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool _retracted;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT IUAccessMode _access_mode;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT bool _read_only;
-		//boost::shared_ptr<Buffer> _buffer;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Buffer* _buffer;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT SmartLinkMap _links;
-	protected:
-		friend class Payload;
-		// Internal functions that perform the update logic,
-		//  e.g. sending a notification across the network
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name) = 0;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name) = 0;
-		//void _set_buffer(boost::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _associate_with_buffer(Buffer* buffer);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _set_buffer(Buffer* buffer);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _set_uid(const std::string& uid);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _set_owner_name(const std::string& owner_name);
-	protected:
-		// internal functions that do not emit update events
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _add_and_remove_links(const LinkMap& add, const LinkMap& remove) { _links._add_and_remove_links(add, remove); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _replace_links(const LinkMap& links) { _links._replace_links(links); }
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool is_published() { return (_buffer != 0); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& uid() const { return _uid; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline revision_t revision() const { return _revision; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& category() const { return _category; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& payload_type() const { return _payload_type; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const std::string& owner_name() const { return _owner_name; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool committed() const { return _committed; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUAccessMode access_mode() const { return _access_mode; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline bool read_only() const { return _read_only; }
-		//inline boost::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer() { return _buffer; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Buffer* buffer() const { return _buffer; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const LinkSet& get_links(std::string type) { return _links.get_links(type); }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const LinkMap& get_all_links() { return _links.get_all_links(); }
-		// Payload
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual Payload& payload() = 0;
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual const Payload& const_payload() const = 0;
-		// setters
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT _IPAACA_ABSTRACT_ virtual void commit() = 0;
-		// functions to modify and update links:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void add_links(const std::string& type, const LinkSet& targets, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void remove_links(const std::string& type, const LinkSet& targets, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void modify_links(const LinkMap& add, const LinkMap& remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void set_links(const LinkMap& links, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		//    (with cpp specific convenience functions:)
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void add_link(const std::string& type, const std::string& target, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void remove_link(const std::string& type, const std::string& target, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<IUInterface> ptr;
-};//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IU: public IUInterface {//{{{
-	friend class Buffer;
-	friend class InputBuffer;
-	friend class OutputBuffer;
-	friend class CallbackIUPayloadUpdate;
-	friend class CallbackIULinkUpdate;
-	friend class CallbackIUCommission;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload _payload;
-	protected:
-	   IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT  Lock _revision_lock;
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline void _increase_revision_number() { _revision++; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IU(const std::string& category, IUAccessMode access_mode=IU_ACCESS_PUSH, bool read_only=false, const std::string& payload_type="MAP" );
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IU() {
-			//IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<IU> create(const std::string& category, IUAccessMode access_mode=IU_ACCESS_PUSH, bool read_only=false, const std::string& payload_type="MAP" );
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Payload& payload() { return _payload; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const Payload& const_payload() const { return _payload; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void commit();
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT virtual void _internal_commit(const std::string& writer_name = "");
-	public:
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<IU> ptr;
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class Message: public IU {//{{{
-	friend class Buffer;
-	friend class InputBuffer;
-	friend class OutputBuffer;
-	friend class CallbackIUPayloadUpdate;
-	friend class CallbackIULinkUpdate;
-	friend class CallbackIUCommission;
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT Message(const std::string& category, IUAccessMode access_mode=IU_ACCESS_MESSAGE, bool read_only=true, const std::string& payload_type="MAP" );
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~Message() {
-			//IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<Message> create(const std::string& category, IUAccessMode access_mode=IU_ACCESS_MESSAGE, bool read_only=true, const std::string& payload_type="MAP" );
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _internal_commit(const std::string& writer_name = "");
-	public:
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<Message> ptr;
-};//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class RemotePushIU: public IUInterface {//{{{
-	friend class Buffer;
-	friend class InputBuffer;
-	friend class OutputBuffer;
-	friend class IUConverter;
-	friend class MessageConverter;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload _payload;
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT RemotePushIU();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<RemotePushIU> create();
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~RemotePushIU() {
-			//IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Payload& payload() { return _payload; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const Payload& const_payload() const { return _payload; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void commit();
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_update(IUPayloadUpdate::ptr update);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_link_update(IULinkUpdate::ptr update);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_commission();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_retraction();
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<RemotePushIU> ptr;
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class RemoteMessage: public IUInterface {//{{{
-	friend class Buffer;
-	friend class InputBuffer;
-	friend class OutputBuffer;
-	friend class IUConverter;
-	friend class MessageConverter;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Payload _payload;
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT RemoteMessage();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static boost::shared_ptr<RemoteMessage> create();
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~RemoteMessage() {
-			//IPAACA_IMPLEMENT_ME
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline Payload& payload() { return _payload; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline const Payload& const_payload() const { return _payload; }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void commit();
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_links(bool is_delta, const LinkMap& new_links, const LinkMap& links_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _modify_payload(bool is_delta, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& new_items, const std::vector<std::string>& keys_to_remove, const std::string& writer_name = "");
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_update(IUPayloadUpdate::ptr update);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_link_update(IULinkUpdate::ptr update);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_commission();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void _apply_retraction();
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<RemoteMessage> ptr;
-};//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUNotFoundError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUNotFoundError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUNotFoundError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "IUNotFoundError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUPublishedError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUPublishedError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUPublishedError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "IUPublishedError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUCommittedError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUCommittedError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUCommittedError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "IUCommittedError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUUpdateFailedError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUUpdateFailedError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUUpdateFailedError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "IUUpdateFailedError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUReadOnlyError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUReadOnlyError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUReadOnlyError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "IUReadOnlyError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUAlreadyInABufferError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUAlreadyInABufferError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUAlreadyInABufferError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "IUAlreadyInABufferError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUAlreadyHasAnUIDError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUAlreadyHasAnUIDError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUAlreadyHasAnUIDError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "IUAlreadyHasAnUIDError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUAlreadyHasAnOwnerNameError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~IUAlreadyHasAnOwnerNameError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline IUAlreadyHasAnOwnerNameError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "IUAlreadyHasAnOwnerNameError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class UUIDGenerationError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~UUIDGenerationError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline UUIDGenerationError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "UUIDGenerationError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class NotImplementedError: public Exception//{{{
-{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~NotImplementedError() throw() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline NotImplementedError() { //boost::shared_ptr<IU> iu) {
-			_description = "NotImplementedError";
-		}
-};//}}}
-
-#ifdef IPAACA_EXPOSE_FULL_RSB_API
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class CallbackIUPayloadUpdate: public rsb::patterns::Server::Callback<IUPayloadUpdate, int> {//{{{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Buffer* _buffer;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT CallbackIUPayloadUpdate(Buffer* buffer);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT boost::shared_ptr<int> call(const std::string& methodName, boost::shared_ptr<IUPayloadUpdate> update);
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class CallbackIULinkUpdate: public rsb::patterns::Server::Callback<IULinkUpdate, int> {//{{{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Buffer* _buffer;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT CallbackIULinkUpdate(Buffer* buffer);
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT boost::shared_ptr<int> call(const std::string& methodName, boost::shared_ptr<IULinkUpdate> update);
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class CallbackIUCommission: public rsb::patterns::Server::Callback<protobuf::IUCommission, int> {//{{{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Buffer* _buffer;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT CallbackIUCommission(Buffer* buffer);
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT boost::shared_ptr<int> call(const std::string& methodName, boost::shared_ptr<protobuf::IUCommission> update);
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class CallbackIURetraction: public rsb::patterns::Server::Callback<protobuf::IURetraction, int> {//{{{
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Buffer* _buffer;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT CallbackIURetraction(Buffer* buffer);
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT boost::shared_ptr<int> call(const std::string& methodName, boost::shared_ptr<protobuf::IURetraction> update);
-};//}}}
-
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUConverter: public rsb::converter::Converter<std::string> {//{{{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IUConverter();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string serialize(const rsb::AnnotatedData& data, std::string& wire);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rsb::AnnotatedData deserialize(const std::string& wireSchema, const std::string& wire);
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class MessageConverter: public rsb::converter::Converter<std::string> {//{{{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT MessageConverter();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string serialize(const rsb::AnnotatedData& data, std::string& wire);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rsb::AnnotatedData deserialize(const std::string& wireSchema, const std::string& wire);
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IUPayloadUpdateConverter: public rsb::converter::Converter<std::string> {//{{{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IUPayloadUpdateConverter();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string serialize(const rsb::AnnotatedData& data, std::string& wire);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rsb::AnnotatedData deserialize(const std::string& wireSchema, const std::string& wire);
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IULinkUpdateConverter: public rsb::converter::Converter<std::string> {//{{{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IULinkUpdateConverter();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string serialize(const rsb::AnnotatedData& data, std::string& wire);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rsb::AnnotatedData deserialize(const std::string& wireSchema, const std::string& wire);
-};//}}}
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class IntConverter: public rsb::converter::Converter<std::string> {//{{{
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT IntConverter();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string serialize(const rsb::AnnotatedData& data, std::string& wire);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT rsb::AnnotatedData deserialize(const std::string& wireSchema, const std::string& wire);
-};//}}}
+#ifndef Q_MOC_RUN
+#include <memory>
+#include <functional>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <condition_variable>
 #endif
 
 
-// additional misc classes ( Command line options )//{{{
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT class CommandLineOptions {
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline CommandLineOptions() { }
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, std::string> param_opts;
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, bool> param_set;
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void set_option(const std::string& name, bool expect, const char* optarg);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string get_param(const std::string& o);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT bool is_set(const std::string& o);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void dump();
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<CommandLineOptions> ptr;
-};
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca.pb.h>
 
-class CommandLineParser {
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<char, std::string> longopt; // letter->name
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, char> shortopt; // letter->name
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, bool> options; //  name / expect_param
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, std::string> defaults; // for opt params
-		IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT std::map<std::string, int> set_flag; // for paramless opts
-	protected:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT CommandLineParser();
-	public:
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT inline ~CommandLineParser() { }
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT static inline boost::shared_ptr<CommandLineParser> create() {
-			return boost::shared_ptr<CommandLineParser>(new CommandLineParser());
-		}
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void initialize_parser_defaults();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void dump_options();
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void add_option(const std::string& optname, char shortn, bool expect_param, const std::string& defaultv);
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void ensure_defaults_in( CommandLineOptions::ptr clo );
-		IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT CommandLineOptions::ptr parse(int argc, char* const* argv);
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<CommandLineParser> ptr;
-};
-//}}}
+#include <set>
+#include <list>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+#include <initializer_list>
 
-// additional misc functions ( String splitting / joining )//{{{
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string str_join(const std::set<std::string>& set,const std::string& sep);
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT std::string str_join(const std::vector<std::string>& vec,const std::string& sep);
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void str_split_wipe(const std::string& str, std::vector<std::string>& tokens, const std::string& delimiters );
-IPAACA_HEADER_EXPORT void str_split_append(const std::string& str, std::vector<std::string>& tokens, const std::string& delimiters );
-//}}}
+namespace ipaaca {
 
-// (snippets) //{{{
-/*
-class IUEventFunctionHandler: public rsb::EventFunctionHandler {
-	protected:
-		Buffer* _buffer;
-	public:
-		inline IUEventFunctionHandler(Buffer* buffer, const EventFunction& function, const std::string& method="")
-			: EventFunctionHandler(function, method), _buffer(buffer) { }
-};
-*/
-//}}}
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-definitions.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-forwards.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-errors.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-initializer.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-locking.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-cmdline-parser.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-string-utils.h>
+
+// Global static library variables (run-time default configuration)
+// Actual initial values are set in ipaaca.cc
+
+/// Default payload type for new IUs (defaults to "JSON")
+IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT extern std::string __ipaaca_static_option_default_payload_type;
+/// Default channel for buffers (defaults to "default")
+IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT extern std::string __ipaaca_static_option_default_channel;
+/// Current console log level (defaults to warning), one of: IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL, IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, IPAACA_LOG_LEVEL_NONE
+IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT extern unsigned int __ipaaca_static_option_log_level;
+
+/// RSB host to connect to (defaults to "" = do not set, use global config)
+IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT extern std::string __ipaaca_static_option_rsb_host;
+/// RSB port to connect to (defaults to "" = do not set, use global config)
+IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT extern std::string __ipaaca_static_option_rsb_port;
+/// RSB transport to use (defaults to "" = do not set, use global config)
+IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT extern std::string __ipaaca_static_option_rsb_transport;
+/// Whether to run in server mode on 'socket' transport (defaults to "" = do not set, use global config)
+IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT extern std::string __ipaaca_static_option_rsb_socketserver;
 
 IPAACA_MEMBER_VAR_EXPORT Lock& logger_lock();
 
-#ifdef WIN32
+#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
 #define LOG_IPAACA_CONSOLE(msg) { ipaaca::Locker logging_locker(ipaaca::logger_lock()); std::time_t result = std::time(NULL); std::cout << "[LOG] " << std::asctime(std::localtime(&result)) << " : " << msg << std::endl; }
 #else
 // use normal gettimeofday() on POSIX
 #define LOG_IPAACA_CONSOLE(msg) { ipaaca::Locker logging_locker(ipaaca::logger_lock()); timeval logging_tim; gettimeofday(&logging_tim, NULL); double logging_t1=logging_tim.tv_sec+(logging_tim.tv_usec/1000000.0); std::cout << "[LOG] " << std::setprecision(15) << logging_t1 << " : " << msg << std::endl; }
 #endif
 
+#if _WIN32 || _WIN64
+#define IPAACA_SIMPLE_TIMER_BEGIN(N) ;
+#define IPAACA_SIMPLE_TIMER_END(N, NAME) LOG_IPAACA_CONSOLE(NAME << " - time elapsed: Windows - IMPLEMENT ME")
+#else
+/// use IPAACA_SIMPLE_TIMER_BEGIN(mysymbol) to start time profiling at a line in code
+/// Several blocks can be defined in the same stack frame if different symbols are chosen
+#define IPAACA_SIMPLE_TIMER_BEGIN(N) struct timeval _ipaaca_timer_tvstart_ ## N; \
+	gettimeofday(&_ipaaca_timer_tvstart_ ## N, NULL);
+/// use IPAACA_SIMPLE_TIMER_END(mysymbol, "message") to print time elapsed since correpsonding _BEGIN
+#define IPAACA_SIMPLE_TIMER_END(N, NAME) struct timeval _ipaaca_timer_tvend_ ## N; \
+	gettimeofday(&_ipaaca_timer_tvend_ ## N, NULL); \
+	long _ipaaca_timer_usecs_ ## N = (_ipaaca_timer_tvend_ ## N.tv_sec*1000000 + _ipaaca_timer_tvend_ ## N.tv_usec) - (_ipaaca_timer_tvstart_ ## N.tv_sec*1000000 + _ipaaca_timer_tvstart_ ## N.tv_usec); \
+	LOG_IPAACA_CONSOLE(NAME << " - ̨́us elapsed: " << _ipaaca_timer_usecs_ ## N)
+#endif
+
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-config.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-converters.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-backend.h>
+
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-payload.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-buffers.h>
+#include <ipaaca/ipaaca-ius.h>
+
+
 
 } // of namespace ipaaca
 

ipaacalib/cpp/include/ipaaca/util/notifier.h

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
  *  "Incremental Processing Architecture
  *   for Artificial Conversational Agents".  
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2009-2013 Sociable Agents Group
- *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University   
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2022 Social Cognitive Systems Group
+ *                         (formerly the Sociable Agents Group)
+ *                         CITEC, Bielefeld University
  *
  * http://opensource.cit-ec.de/projects/ipaaca/
  * http://purl.org/net/ipaaca
@@ -30,6 +31,17 @@
  * Excellence Initiative.
  */
 
+/**
+ * \file   util/notifier.h
+ *
+ * \brief Header file for component notification (i.e. module-level introspection).
+ *
+ * Include this file in addition to ipaaca.h to use the functionality.
+ *
+ * \author Ramin Yaghoubzadeh (ryaghoubzadeh@uni-bielefeld.de)
+ * \date   March, 2015
+ */
+
 #ifndef __IPAACA_UTIL_NOTIFIER_H__
 #define __IPAACA_UTIL_NOTIFIER_H__
 
@@ -55,8 +67,8 @@ class ComponentNotifier {
 		ComponentNotifier(const std::string& componentName, const std::string& componentFunction, const std::set<std::string>& sendCategories, const std::set<std::string>& receiveCategories);
 		ComponentNotifier(const std::string& componentName, const std::string& componentFunction, const std::set<std::string>& sendCategories, const std::set<std::string>& receiveCategories, ipaaca::OutputBuffer::ptr out_buf, ipaaca::InputBuffer::ptr in_buf);
 	public:
-		static boost::shared_ptr<ComponentNotifier> create(const std::string& componentName, const std::string& componentFunction, const std::set<std::string>& sendCategories, const std::set<std::string>& receiveCategories);
-		static boost::shared_ptr<ComponentNotifier> create(const std::string& componentName, const std::string& componentFunction, const std::set<std::string>& sendCategories, const std::set<std::string>& receiveCategories, ipaaca::OutputBuffer::ptr out_buf, ipaaca::InputBuffer::ptr in_buf);
+		static std::shared_ptr<ComponentNotifier> create(const std::string& componentName, const std::string& componentFunction, const std::set<std::string>& sendCategories, const std::set<std::string>& receiveCategories);
+		static std::shared_ptr<ComponentNotifier> create(const std::string& componentName, const std::string& componentFunction, const std::set<std::string>& sendCategories, const std::set<std::string>& receiveCategories, ipaaca::OutputBuffer::ptr out_buf, ipaaca::InputBuffer::ptr in_buf);
 	public:
 		~ComponentNotifier();
 	protected:
@@ -79,7 +91,7 @@ class ComponentNotifier {
 		std::string send_categories;
 		std::string recv_categories;
 	public:
-	typedef boost::shared_ptr<ComponentNotifier> ptr;
+	typedef std::shared_ptr<ComponentNotifier> ptr;
 };
 
 

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/LICENSE-rapidjson.txt

+Copyright (C) 2011 Milo Yip
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
+
+-- 
+This software and license copied in January 2015 from
+https://github.com/miloyip/rapidjson/

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/allocators.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATORS_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATORS_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Allocator
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Allocator
+    \brief Concept for allocating, resizing and freeing memory block.
+    
+    Note that Malloc() and Realloc() are non-static but Free() is static.
+    
+    So if an allocator need to support Free(), it needs to put its pointer in 
+    the header of memory block.
+
+\code
+concept Allocator {
+    static const bool kNeedFree;    //!< Whether this allocator needs to call Free().
+
+    // Allocate a memory block.
+    // \param size of the memory block in bytes.
+    // \returns pointer to the memory block.
+    void* Malloc(size_t size);
+
+    // Resize a memory block.
+    // \param originalPtr The pointer to current memory block. Null pointer is permitted.
+    // \param originalSize The current size in bytes. (Design issue: since some allocator may not book-keep this, explicitly pass to it can save memory.)
+    // \param newSize the new size in bytes.
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize);
+
+    // Free a memory block.
+    // \param pointer to the memory block. Null pointer is permitted.
+    static void Free(void *ptr);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT_CHUNK_CAPACITY
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kDefaultChunkCapacity definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c size that is a power of 2.
+*/
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT_CHUNK_CAPACITY
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT_CHUNK_CAPACITY (64 * 1024)
+#endif
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CrtAllocator
+
+//! C-runtime library allocator.
+/*! This class is just wrapper for standard C library memory routines.
+    \note implements Allocator concept
+*/
+class CrtAllocator {
+public:
+    static const bool kNeedFree = true;
+    void* Malloc(size_t size) { 
+        if (size) //  behavior of malloc(0) is implementation defined.
+            return RAPIDJSON_MALLOC(size);
+        else
+            return NULL; // standardize to returning NULL.
+    }
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize) {
+        (void)originalSize;
+        if (newSize == 0) {
+            RAPIDJSON_FREE(originalPtr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return RAPIDJSON_REALLOC(originalPtr, newSize);
+    }
+    static void Free(void *ptr) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { RAPIDJSON_FREE(ptr); }
+
+    bool operator==(const CrtAllocator&) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return true;
+    }
+    bool operator!=(const CrtAllocator&) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// MemoryPoolAllocator
+
+//! Default memory allocator used by the parser and DOM.
+/*! This allocator allocate memory blocks from pre-allocated memory chunks. 
+
+    It does not free memory blocks. And Realloc() only allocate new memory.
+
+    The memory chunks are allocated by BaseAllocator, which is CrtAllocator by default.
+
+    User may also supply a buffer as the first chunk.
+
+    If the user-buffer is full then additional chunks are allocated by BaseAllocator.
+
+    The user-buffer is not deallocated by this allocator.
+
+    \tparam BaseAllocator the allocator type for allocating memory chunks. Default is CrtAllocator.
+    \note implements Allocator concept
+*/
+template <typename BaseAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class MemoryPoolAllocator {
+    //! Chunk header for perpending to each chunk.
+    /*! Chunks are stored as a singly linked list.
+    */
+    struct ChunkHeader {
+        size_t capacity;    //!< Capacity of the chunk in bytes (excluding the header itself).
+        size_t size;        //!< Current size of allocated memory in bytes.
+        ChunkHeader *next;  //!< Next chunk in the linked list.
+    };
+
+    struct SharedData {
+        ChunkHeader *chunkHead;  //!< Head of the chunk linked-list. Only the head chunk serves allocation.
+        BaseAllocator* ownBaseAllocator; //!< base allocator created by this object.
+        size_t refcount;
+        bool ownBuffer;
+    };
+
+    static const size_t SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SharedData));
+    static const size_t SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(ChunkHeader));
+
+    static inline ChunkHeader *GetChunkHead(SharedData *shared)
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<ChunkHeader*>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(shared) + SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA);
+    }
+    static inline uint8_t *GetChunkBuffer(SharedData *shared)
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(shared->chunkHead) + SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER;
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultChunkCapacity = RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT_CHUNK_CAPACITY; //!< Default chunk capacity.
+
+public:
+    static const bool kNeedFree = false;    //!< Tell users that no need to call Free() with this allocator. (concept Allocator)
+    static const bool kRefCounted = true;   //!< Tell users that this allocator is reference counted on copy
+
+    //! Constructor with chunkSize.
+    /*! \param chunkSize The size of memory chunk. The default is kDefaultChunkSize.
+        \param baseAllocator The allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    */
+    explicit
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(size_t chunkSize = kDefaultChunkCapacity, BaseAllocator* baseAllocator = 0) : 
+        chunk_capacity_(chunkSize),
+        baseAllocator_(baseAllocator ? baseAllocator : RAPIDJSON_NEW(BaseAllocator)()),
+        shared_(static_cast<SharedData*>(baseAllocator_ ? baseAllocator_->Malloc(SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA + SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER) : 0))
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(baseAllocator_ != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(shared_ != 0);
+        if (baseAllocator) {
+            shared_->ownBaseAllocator = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            shared_->ownBaseAllocator = baseAllocator_;
+        }
+        shared_->chunkHead = GetChunkHead(shared_);
+        shared_->chunkHead->capacity = 0;
+        shared_->chunkHead->size = 0;
+        shared_->chunkHead->next = 0;
+        shared_->ownBuffer = true;
+        shared_->refcount = 1;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with user-supplied buffer.
+    /*! The user buffer will be used firstly. When it is full, memory pool allocates new chunk with chunk size.
+
+        The user buffer will not be deallocated when this allocator is destructed.
+
+        \param buffer User supplied buffer.
+        \param size Size of the buffer in bytes. It must at least larger than sizeof(ChunkHeader).
+        \param chunkSize The size of memory chunk. The default is kDefaultChunkSize.
+        \param baseAllocator The allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    */
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t chunkSize = kDefaultChunkCapacity, BaseAllocator* baseAllocator = 0) :
+        chunk_capacity_(chunkSize),
+        baseAllocator_(baseAllocator),
+        shared_(static_cast<SharedData*>(AlignBuffer(buffer, size)))
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(size >= SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA + SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER);
+        shared_->chunkHead = GetChunkHead(shared_);
+        shared_->chunkHead->capacity = size - SIZEOF_SHARED_DATA - SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER;
+        shared_->chunkHead->size = 0;
+        shared_->chunkHead->next = 0;
+        shared_->ownBaseAllocator = 0;
+        shared_->ownBuffer = false;
+        shared_->refcount = 1;
+    }
+
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        chunk_capacity_(rhs.chunk_capacity_),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_),
+        shared_(rhs.shared_)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        ++shared_->refcount;
+    }
+    MemoryPoolAllocator& operator=(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(rhs.shared_->refcount > 0);
+        ++rhs.shared_->refcount;
+        this->~MemoryPoolAllocator();
+        baseAllocator_ = rhs.baseAllocator_;
+        chunk_capacity_ = rhs.chunk_capacity_;
+        shared_ = rhs.shared_;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(MemoryPoolAllocator&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        chunk_capacity_(rhs.chunk_capacity_),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_),
+        shared_(rhs.shared_)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(rhs.shared_->refcount > 0);
+        rhs.shared_ = 0;
+    }
+    MemoryPoolAllocator& operator=(MemoryPoolAllocator&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(rhs.shared_->refcount > 0);
+        this->~MemoryPoolAllocator();
+        baseAllocator_ = rhs.baseAllocator_;
+        chunk_capacity_ = rhs.chunk_capacity_;
+        shared_ = rhs.shared_;
+        rhs.shared_ = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /*! This deallocates all memory chunks, excluding the user-supplied buffer.
+    */
+    ~MemoryPoolAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        if (!shared_) {
+            // do nothing if moved
+            return;
+        }
+        if (shared_->refcount > 1) {
+            --shared_->refcount;
+            return;
+        }
+        Clear();
+        BaseAllocator *a = shared_->ownBaseAllocator;
+        if (shared_->ownBuffer) {
+            baseAllocator_->Free(shared_);
+        }
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(a);
+    }
+
+    //! Deallocates all memory chunks, excluding the first/user one.
+    void Clear() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        for (;;) {
+            ChunkHeader* c = shared_->chunkHead;
+            if (!c->next) {
+                break;
+            }
+            shared_->chunkHead = c->next;
+            baseAllocator_->Free(c);
+        }
+        shared_->chunkHead->size = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Computes the total capacity of allocated memory chunks.
+    /*! \return total capacity in bytes.
+    */
+    size_t Capacity() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        size_t capacity = 0;
+        for (ChunkHeader* c = shared_->chunkHead; c != 0; c = c->next)
+            capacity += c->capacity;
+        return capacity;
+    }
+
+    //! Computes the memory blocks allocated.
+    /*! \return total used bytes.
+    */
+    size_t Size() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        size_t size = 0;
+        for (ChunkHeader* c = shared_->chunkHead; c != 0; c = c->next)
+            size += c->size;
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    //! Whether the allocator is shared.
+    /*! \return true or false.
+    */
+    bool Shared() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        return shared_->refcount > 1;
+    }
+
+    //! Allocates a memory block. (concept Allocator)
+    void* Malloc(size_t size) {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        if (!size)
+            return NULL;
+
+        size = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(size);
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(shared_->chunkHead->size + size > shared_->chunkHead->capacity))
+            if (!AddChunk(chunk_capacity_ > size ? chunk_capacity_ : size))
+                return NULL;
+
+        void *buffer = GetChunkBuffer(shared_) + shared_->chunkHead->size;
+        shared_->chunkHead->size += size;
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    //! Resizes a memory block (concept Allocator)
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize) {
+        if (originalPtr == 0)
+            return Malloc(newSize);
+
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        if (newSize == 0)
+            return NULL;
+
+        originalSize = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(originalSize);
+        newSize = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(newSize);
+
+        // Do not shrink if new size is smaller than original
+        if (originalSize >= newSize)
+            return originalPtr;
+
+        // Simply expand it if it is the last allocation and there is sufficient space
+        if (originalPtr == GetChunkBuffer(shared_) + shared_->chunkHead->size - originalSize) {
+            size_t increment = static_cast<size_t>(newSize - originalSize);
+            if (shared_->chunkHead->size + increment <= shared_->chunkHead->capacity) {
+                shared_->chunkHead->size += increment;
+                return originalPtr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Realloc process: allocate and copy memory, do not free original buffer.
+        if (void* newBuffer = Malloc(newSize)) {
+            if (originalSize)
+                std::memcpy(newBuffer, originalPtr, originalSize);
+            return newBuffer;
+        }
+        else
+            return NULL;
+    }
+
+    //! Frees a memory block (concept Allocator)
+    static void Free(void *ptr) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { (void)ptr; } // Do nothing
+
+    //! Compare (equality) with another MemoryPoolAllocator
+    bool operator==(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(shared_->refcount > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(rhs.shared_->refcount > 0);
+        return shared_ == rhs.shared_;
+    }
+    //! Compare (inequality) with another MemoryPoolAllocator
+    bool operator!=(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return !operator==(rhs);
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Creates a new chunk.
+    /*! \param capacity Capacity of the chunk in bytes.
+        \return true if success.
+    */
+    bool AddChunk(size_t capacity) {
+        if (!baseAllocator_)
+            shared_->ownBaseAllocator = baseAllocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(BaseAllocator)();
+        if (ChunkHeader* chunk = static_cast<ChunkHeader*>(baseAllocator_->Malloc(SIZEOF_CHUNK_HEADER + capacity))) {
+            chunk->capacity = capacity;
+            chunk->size = 0;
+            chunk->next = shared_->chunkHead;
+            shared_->chunkHead = chunk;
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    static inline void* AlignBuffer(void* buf, size_t &size)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(buf != 0);
+        const uintptr_t mask = sizeof(void*) - 1;
+        const uintptr_t ubuf = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buf);
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(ubuf & mask)) {
+            const uintptr_t abuf = (ubuf + mask) & ~mask;
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(size >= abuf - ubuf);
+            buf = reinterpret_cast<void*>(abuf);
+            size -= abuf - ubuf;
+        }
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    size_t chunk_capacity_;     //!< The minimum capacity of chunk when they are allocated.
+    BaseAllocator* baseAllocator_;  //!< base allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    SharedData *shared_;        //!< The shared data of the allocator
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+    template<typename, typename = void>
+    struct IsRefCounted :
+        public FalseType
+    { };
+    template<typename T>
+    struct IsRefCounted<T, typename internal::EnableIfCond<T::kRefCounted>::Type> :
+        public TrueType
+    { };
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename A>
+inline T* Realloc(A& a, T* old_p, size_t old_n, size_t new_n)
+{
+    RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(old_n <= SIZE_MAX / sizeof(T) && new_n <= SIZE_MAX / sizeof(T));
+    return static_cast<T*>(a.Realloc(old_p, old_n * sizeof(T), new_n * sizeof(T)));
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename A>
+inline T *Malloc(A& a, size_t n = 1)
+{
+    return Realloc<T, A>(a, NULL, 0, n);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename A>
+inline void Free(A& a, T *p, size_t n = 1)
+{
+    static_cast<void>(Realloc<T, A>(a, p, n, 0));
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++) // std::allocator can safely be inherited
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename BaseAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class StdAllocator :
+    public std::allocator<T>
+{
+    typedef std::allocator<T> allocator_type;
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+    typedef std::allocator_traits<allocator_type> traits_type;
+#else
+    typedef allocator_type traits_type;
+#endif
+
+public:
+    typedef BaseAllocator BaseAllocatorType;
+
+    StdAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(),
+        baseAllocator_()
+    { }
+
+    StdAllocator(const StdAllocator& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(rhs),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_)
+    { }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    StdAllocator(const StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator>& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(rhs),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_)
+    { }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    StdAllocator(StdAllocator&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(std::move(rhs)),
+        baseAllocator_(std::move(rhs.baseAllocator_))
+    { }
+#endif
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+    using propagate_on_container_move_assignment = std::true_type;
+    using propagate_on_container_swap = std::true_type;
+#endif
+
+    /* implicit */
+    StdAllocator(const BaseAllocator& allocator) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(),
+        baseAllocator_(allocator)
+    { }
+
+    ~StdAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    { }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    struct rebind {
+        typedef StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator> other;
+    };
+
+    typedef typename traits_type::size_type         size_type;
+    typedef typename traits_type::difference_type   difference_type;
+
+    typedef typename traits_type::value_type        value_type;
+    typedef typename traits_type::pointer           pointer;
+    typedef typename traits_type::const_pointer     const_pointer;
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+
+    typedef typename std::add_lvalue_reference<value_type>::type &reference;
+    typedef typename std::add_lvalue_reference<typename std::add_const<value_type>::type>::type &const_reference;
+
+    pointer address(reference r) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return std::addressof(r);
+    }
+    const_pointer address(const_reference r) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return std::addressof(r);
+    }
+
+    size_type max_size() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return traits_type::max_size(*this);
+    }
+
+    template <typename ...Args>
+    void construct(pointer p, Args&&... args)
+    {
+        traits_type::construct(*this, p, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+    void destroy(pointer p)
+    {
+        traits_type::destroy(*this, p);
+    }
+
+#else // !RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+
+    typedef typename allocator_type::reference       reference;
+    typedef typename allocator_type::const_reference const_reference;
+
+    pointer address(reference r) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return allocator_type::address(r);
+    }
+    const_pointer address(const_reference r) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return allocator_type::address(r);
+    }
+
+    size_type max_size() const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return allocator_type::max_size();
+    }
+
+    void construct(pointer p, const_reference r)
+    {
+        allocator_type::construct(p, r);
+    }
+    void destroy(pointer p)
+    {
+        allocator_type::destroy(p);
+    }
+
+#endif // !RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+
+    template <typename U>
+    U* allocate(size_type n = 1, const void* = 0)
+    {
+        return RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::Malloc<U>(baseAllocator_, n);
+    }
+    template <typename U>
+    void deallocate(U* p, size_type n = 1)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::Free<U>(baseAllocator_, p, n);
+    }
+
+    pointer allocate(size_type n = 1, const void* = 0)
+    {
+        return allocate<value_type>(n);
+    }
+    void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n = 1)
+    {
+        deallocate<value_type>(p, n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+    using is_always_equal = std::is_empty<BaseAllocator>;
+#endif
+
+    template<typename U>
+    bool operator==(const StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator>& rhs) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return baseAllocator_ == rhs.baseAllocator_;
+    }
+    template<typename U>
+    bool operator!=(const StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator>& rhs) const RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return !operator==(rhs);
+    }
+
+    //! rapidjson Allocator concept
+    static const bool kNeedFree = BaseAllocator::kNeedFree;
+    static const bool kRefCounted = internal::IsRefCounted<BaseAllocator>::Value;
+    void* Malloc(size_t size)
+    {
+        return baseAllocator_.Malloc(size);
+    }
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize)
+    {
+        return baseAllocator_.Realloc(originalPtr, originalSize, newSize);
+    }
+    static void Free(void *ptr) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        BaseAllocator::Free(ptr);
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class StdAllocator; // access to StdAllocator<!T>.*
+
+    BaseAllocator baseAllocator_;
+};
+
+#if !RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX17 // std::allocator<void> deprecated in C++17
+template <typename BaseAllocator>
+class StdAllocator<void, BaseAllocator> :
+    public std::allocator<void>
+{
+    typedef std::allocator<void> allocator_type;
+
+public:
+    typedef BaseAllocator BaseAllocatorType;
+
+    StdAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(),
+        baseAllocator_()
+    { }
+
+    StdAllocator(const StdAllocator& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(rhs),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_)
+    { }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    StdAllocator(const StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator>& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(rhs),
+        baseAllocator_(rhs.baseAllocator_)
+    { }
+
+    /* implicit */
+    StdAllocator(const BaseAllocator& baseAllocator) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        allocator_type(),
+        baseAllocator_(baseAllocator)
+    { }
+
+    ~StdAllocator() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    { }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    struct rebind {
+        typedef StdAllocator<U, BaseAllocator> other;
+    };
+
+    typedef typename allocator_type::value_type value_type;
+
+private:
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class StdAllocator; // access to StdAllocator<!T>.*
+
+    BaseAllocator baseAllocator_;
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/cursorstreamwrapper.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_CURSORSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_CURSORSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512)  // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+
+//! Cursor stream wrapper for counting line and column number if error exists.
+/*!
+    \tparam InputStream     Any stream that implements Stream Concept
+*/
+template <typename InputStream, typename Encoding = UTF8<> >
+class CursorStreamWrapper : public GenericStreamWrapper<InputStream, Encoding> {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    CursorStreamWrapper(InputStream& is):
+        GenericStreamWrapper<InputStream, Encoding>(is), line_(1), col_(0) {}
+
+    // counting line and column number
+    Ch Take() {
+        Ch ch = this->is_.Take();
+        if(ch == '\n') {
+            line_ ++;
+            col_ = 0;
+        } else {
+            col_ ++;
+        }
+        return ch;
+    }
+
+    //! Get the error line number, if error exists.
+    size_t GetLine() const { return line_; }
+    //! Get the error column number, if error exists.
+    size_t GetColumn() const { return col_; }
+
+private:
+    size_t line_;   //!< Current Line
+    size_t col_;    //!< Current Column
+};
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_CURSORSTREAMWRAPPER_H_

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/document.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
+
+/*! \file document.h */
+
+#include "reader.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+#include "internal/strfunc.h"
+#include "memorystream.h"
+#include "encodedstream.h"
+#include <new>      // placement new
+#include <limits>
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
+#include <compare>
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4244) // conversion from kXxxFlags to 'uint16_t', possible loss of data
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif // __GNUC__
+
+#ifdef GetObject
+// see https://github.com/Tencent/rapidjson/issues/1448
+// a former included windows.h might have defined a macro called GetObject, which affects
+// GetObject defined here. This ensures the macro does not get applied
+#pragma push_macro("GetObject")
+#define RAPIDJSON_WINDOWS_GETOBJECT_WORKAROUND_APPLIED
+#undef GetObject
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+#include <iterator> // std::random_access_iterator_tag
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+#include <map> // std::multimap
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+// Forward declaration.
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericValue;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericDocument;
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Allows to choose default allocator.
+
+    User can define this to use CrtAllocator or MemoryPoolAllocator.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR
+#define RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR MemoryPoolAllocator<CrtAllocator>
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_STACK_ALLOCATOR
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Allows to choose default stack allocator for Document.
+
+    User can define this to use CrtAllocator or MemoryPoolAllocator.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_STACK_ALLOCATOR
+#define RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_STACK_ALLOCATOR CrtAllocator
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_OBJECT_CAPACITY
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User defined kDefaultObjectCapacity value.
+
+    User can define this as any natural number.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_OBJECT_CAPACITY
+// number of objects that rapidjson::Value allocates memory for by default
+#define RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_OBJECT_CAPACITY 16
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_ARRAY_CAPACITY
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User defined kDefaultArrayCapacity value.
+
+    User can define this as any natural number.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_ARRAY_CAPACITY
+// number of array elements that rapidjson::Value allocates memory for by default
+#define RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_ARRAY_CAPACITY 16
+#endif
+
+//! Name-value pair in a JSON object value.
+/*!
+    This class was internal to GenericValue. It used to be a inner struct.
+    But a compiler (IBM XL C/C++ for AIX) have reported to have problem with that so it moved as a namespace scope struct.
+    https://code.google.com/p/rapidjson/issues/detail?id=64
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+class GenericMember {
+public:
+    GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> name;     //!< name of member (must be a string)
+    GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> value;    //!< value of member.
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericMember(GenericMember&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : name(std::move(rhs.name)),
+          value(std::move(rhs.value))
+    {
+    }
+
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericMember& operator=(GenericMember&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return *this = static_cast<GenericMember&>(rhs);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Assignment with move semantics.
+    /*! \param rhs Source of the assignment. Its name and value will become a null value after assignment.
+    */
+    GenericMember& operator=(GenericMember& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(this != &rhs)) {
+            name = rhs.name;
+            value = rhs.value;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // swap() for std::sort() and other potential use in STL.
+    friend inline void swap(GenericMember& a, GenericMember& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        a.name.Swap(b.name);
+        a.value.Swap(b.value);
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Copy constructor is not permitted.
+    GenericMember(const GenericMember& rhs);
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericMemberIterator
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+//! (Constant) member iterator for a JSON object value
+/*!
+    \tparam Const Is this a constant iterator?
+    \tparam Encoding    Encoding of the value. (Even non-string values need to have the same encoding in a document)
+    \tparam Allocator   Allocator type for allocating memory of object, array and string.
+
+    This class implements a Random Access Iterator for GenericMember elements
+    of a GenericValue, see ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) C++ standard, 24.1 [lib.iterator.requirements].
+
+    \note This iterator implementation is mainly intended to avoid implicit
+        conversions from iterator values to \c NULL,
+        e.g. from GenericValue::FindMember.
+
+    \note Define \c RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS to fall back to a
+        pointer-based implementation, if your platform doesn't provide
+        the C++ <iterator> header.
+
+    \see GenericMember, GenericValue::MemberIterator, GenericValue::ConstMemberIterator
+ */
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator {
+
+    friend class GenericValue<Encoding,Allocator>;
+    template <bool, typename, typename> friend class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator> PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+
+public:
+    //! Iterator type itself
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator Iterator;
+    //! Constant iterator type
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator>  ConstIterator;
+    //! Non-constant iterator type
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator> NonConstIterator;
+
+    /** \name std::iterator_traits support */
+    //@{
+    typedef ValueType      value_type;
+    typedef ValueType *    pointer;
+    typedef ValueType &    reference;
+    typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+    typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+    //@}
+
+    //! Pointer to (const) GenericMember
+    typedef pointer         Pointer;
+    //! Reference to (const) GenericMember
+    typedef reference       Reference;
+    //! Signed integer type (e.g. \c ptrdiff_t)
+    typedef difference_type DifferenceType;
+
+    //! Default constructor (singular value)
+    /*! Creates an iterator pointing to no element.
+        \note All operations, except for comparisons, are undefined on such values.
+     */
+    GenericMemberIterator() : ptr_() {}
+
+    //! Iterator conversions to more const
+    /*!
+        \param it (Non-const) iterator to copy from
+
+        Allows the creation of an iterator from another GenericMemberIterator
+        that is "less const".  Especially, creating a non-constant iterator
+        from a constant iterator are disabled:
+        \li const -> non-const (not ok)
+        \li const -> const (ok)
+        \li non-const -> const (ok)
+        \li non-const -> non-const (ok)
+
+        \note If the \c Const template parameter is already \c false, this
+            constructor effectively defines a regular copy-constructor.
+            Otherwise, the copy constructor is implicitly defined.
+    */
+    GenericMemberIterator(const NonConstIterator & it) : ptr_(it.ptr_) {}
+    Iterator& operator=(const NonConstIterator & it) { ptr_ = it.ptr_; return *this; }
+
+    //! @name stepping
+    //@{
+    Iterator& operator++(){ ++ptr_; return *this; }
+    Iterator& operator--(){ --ptr_; return *this; }
+    Iterator  operator++(int){ Iterator old(*this); ++ptr_; return old; }
+    Iterator  operator--(int){ Iterator old(*this); --ptr_; return old; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name increment/decrement
+    //@{
+    Iterator operator+(DifferenceType n) const { return Iterator(ptr_+n); }
+    Iterator operator-(DifferenceType n) const { return Iterator(ptr_-n); }
+
+    Iterator& operator+=(DifferenceType n) { ptr_+=n; return *this; }
+    Iterator& operator-=(DifferenceType n) { ptr_-=n; return *this; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name relations
+    //@{
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator==(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ == that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator!=(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ != that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator<=(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ <= that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator>=(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ >= that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator< (const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ < that.ptr_; }
+    template <bool Const_> bool operator> (const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ > that.ptr_; }
+
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
+    template <bool Const_> std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const GenericMemberIterator<Const_, Encoding, Allocator>& that) const { return ptr_ <=> that.ptr_; }
+#endif
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name dereference
+    //@{
+    Reference operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
+    Pointer   operator->() const { return ptr_; }
+    Reference operator[](DifferenceType n) const { return ptr_[n]; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! Distance
+    DifferenceType operator-(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_-that.ptr_; }
+
+private:
+    //! Internal constructor from plain pointer
+    explicit GenericMemberIterator(Pointer p) : ptr_(p) {}
+
+    Pointer ptr_; //!< raw pointer
+};
+
+#else // RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+// class-based member iterator implementation disabled, use plain pointers
+
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+//! non-const GenericMemberIterator
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator> {
+public:
+    //! use plain pointer as iterator type
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator>* Iterator;
+};
+//! const GenericMemberIterator
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator> {
+public:
+    //! use plain const pointer as iterator type
+    typedef const GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator>* Iterator;
+};
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericStringRef
+
+//! Reference to a constant string (not taking a copy)
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+
+    This helper class is used to automatically infer constant string
+    references for string literals, especially from \c const \b (!)
+    character arrays.
+
+    The main use is for creating JSON string values without copying the
+    source string via an \ref Allocator.  This requires that the referenced
+    string pointers have a sufficient lifetime, which exceeds the lifetime
+    of the associated GenericValue.
+
+    \b Example
+    \code
+    Value v("foo");   // ok, no need to copy & calculate length
+    const char foo[] = "foo";
+    v.SetString(foo); // ok
+
+    const char* bar = foo;
+    // Value x(bar); // not ok, can't rely on bar's lifetime
+    Value x(StringRef(bar)); // lifetime explicitly guaranteed by user
+    Value y(StringRef(bar, 3));  // ok, explicitly pass length
+    \endcode
+
+    \see StringRef, GenericValue::SetString
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct GenericStringRef {
+    typedef CharType Ch; //!< character type of the string
+
+    //! Create string reference from \c const character array
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        This constructor implicitly creates a constant string reference from
+        a \c const character array.  It has better performance than
+        \ref StringRef(const CharType*) by inferring the string \ref length
+        from the array length, and also supports strings containing null
+        characters.
+
+        \tparam N length of the string, automatically inferred
+
+        \param str Constant character array, lifetime assumed to be longer
+            than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+
+        \post \ref s == str
+
+        \note Constant complexity.
+        \note There is a hidden, private overload to disallow references to
+            non-const character arrays to be created via this constructor.
+            By this, e.g. function-scope arrays used to be filled via
+            \c snprintf are excluded from consideration.
+            In such cases, the referenced string should be \b copied to the
+            GenericValue instead.
+     */
+#endif
+    template<SizeType N>
+    GenericStringRef(const CharType (&str)[N]) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : s(str), length(N-1) {}
+
+    //! Explicitly create string reference from \c const character pointer
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        This constructor can be used to \b explicitly  create a reference to
+        a constant string pointer.
+
+        \see StringRef(const CharType*)
+
+        \param str Constant character pointer, lifetime assumed to be longer
+            than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+
+        \post \ref s == str
+
+        \note There is a hidden, private overload to disallow references to
+            non-const character arrays to be created via this constructor.
+            By this, e.g. function-scope arrays used to be filled via
+            \c snprintf are excluded from consideration.
+            In such cases, the referenced string should be \b copied to the
+            GenericValue instead.
+     */
+#endif
+    explicit GenericStringRef(const CharType* str)
+        : s(str), length(NotNullStrLen(str)) {}
+
+    //! Create constant string reference from pointer and length
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*! \param str constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+        \param len length of the string, excluding the trailing NULL terminator
+
+        \post \ref s == str && \ref length == len
+        \note Constant complexity.
+     */
+#endif
+    GenericStringRef(const CharType* str, SizeType len)
+        : s(RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(str) ? str : emptyString), length(len) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(str != 0 || len == 0u); }
+
+    GenericStringRef(const GenericStringRef& rhs) : s(rhs.s), length(rhs.length) {}
+
+    //! implicit conversion to plain CharType pointer
+    operator const Ch *() const { return s; }
+
+    const Ch* const s; //!< plain CharType pointer
+    const SizeType length; //!< length of the string (excluding the trailing NULL terminator)
+
+private:
+    SizeType NotNullStrLen(const CharType* str) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(str != 0);
+        return internal::StrLen(str);
+    }
+
+    /// Empty string - used when passing in a NULL pointer
+    static const Ch emptyString[];
+
+    //! Disallow construction from non-const array
+    template<SizeType N>
+    GenericStringRef(CharType (&str)[N]) /* = delete */;
+    //! Copy assignment operator not permitted - immutable type
+    GenericStringRef& operator=(const GenericStringRef& rhs) /* = delete */;
+};
+
+template<typename CharType>
+const CharType GenericStringRef<CharType>::emptyString[] = { CharType() };
+
+//! Mark a character pointer as constant string
+/*! Mark a plain character pointer as a "string literal".  This function
+    can be used to avoid copying a character string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+    \tparam CharType Character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+
+    \see GenericValue::GenericValue(StringRefType), GenericValue::operator=(StringRefType), GenericValue::SetString(StringRefType), GenericValue::PushBack(StringRefType, Allocator&), GenericValue::AddMember
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const CharType* str) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str);
+}
+
+//! Mark a character pointer as constant string
+/*! Mark a plain character pointer as a "string literal".  This function
+    can be used to avoid copying a character string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+
+    This version has better performance with supplied length, and also
+    supports string containing null characters.
+
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \param length The length of source string.
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const CharType* str, size_t length) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str, SizeType(length));
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+//! Mark a string object as constant string
+/*! Mark a string object (e.g. \c std::string) as a "string literal".
+    This function can be used to avoid copying a string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+    \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const std::basic_string<CharType>& str) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+}
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericValue type traits
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename T, typename Encoding = void, typename Allocator = void>
+struct IsGenericValueImpl : FalseType {};
+
+// select candidates according to nested encoding and allocator types
+template <typename T> struct IsGenericValueImpl<T, typename Void<typename T::EncodingType>::Type, typename Void<typename T::AllocatorType>::Type>
+    : IsBaseOf<GenericValue<typename T::EncodingType, typename T::AllocatorType>, T>::Type {};
+
+// helper to match arbitrary GenericValue instantiations, including derived classes
+template <typename T> struct IsGenericValue : IsGenericValueImpl<T>::Type {};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypeHelper
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename T>
+struct TypeHelper {};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, bool> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsBool(); }
+    static bool Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetBool(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, bool data) { return v.SetBool(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, bool data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetBool(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, int> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt(); }
+    static int Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int data) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, unsigned> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint(); }
+    static unsigned Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned data) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+};
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(long) == sizeof(int));
+template<typename ValueType>
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, long> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt(); }
+    static long Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, long data) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, long data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned));
+template<typename ValueType>
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, unsigned long> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint(); }
+    static unsigned long Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned long data) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned long data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+};
+#endif
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, int64_t> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt64(); }
+    static int64_t Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt64(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int64_t data) { return v.SetInt64(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int64_t data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt64(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, uint64_t> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint64(); }
+    static uint64_t Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint64(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, uint64_t data) { return v.SetUint64(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, uint64_t data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint64(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, double> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsDouble(); }
+    static double Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetDouble(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, double data) { return v.SetDouble(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, double data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetDouble(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, float> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsFloat(); }
+    static float Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetFloat(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, float data) { return v.SetFloat(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, float data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetFloat(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, const typename ValueType::Ch*> {
+    typedef const typename ValueType::Ch* StringType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsString(); }
+    static StringType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetString(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType data) { return v.SetString(typename ValueType::StringRefType(data)); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& a) { return v.SetString(data, a); }
+};
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, std::basic_string<typename ValueType::Ch> > {
+    typedef std::basic_string<typename ValueType::Ch> StringType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsString(); }
+    static StringType Get(const ValueType& v) { return StringType(v.GetString(), v.GetStringLength()); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType& data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& a) { return v.SetString(data, a); }
+};
+#endif
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::Array> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::Array ArrayType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsArray(); }
+    static ArrayType Get(ValueType& v) { return v.GetArray(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ArrayType data) { return v = data; }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ArrayType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v = data; }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::ConstArray> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::ConstArray ArrayType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsArray(); }
+    static ArrayType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetArray(); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::Object> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::Object ObjectType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsObject(); }
+    static ObjectType Get(ValueType& v) { return v.GetObject(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ObjectType data) { return v = data; }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ObjectType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v = data; }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::ConstObject> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::ConstObject ObjectType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsObject(); }
+    static ObjectType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetObject(); }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+// Forward declarations
+template <bool, typename> class GenericArray;
+template <bool, typename> class GenericObject;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericValue
+
+//! Represents a JSON value. Use Value for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*!
+    A JSON value can be one of 7 types. This class is a variant type supporting
+    these types.
+
+    Use the Value if UTF8 and default allocator
+
+    \tparam Encoding    Encoding of the value. (Even non-string values need to have the same encoding in a document)
+    \tparam Allocator   Allocator type for allocating memory of object, array and string.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR >
+class GenericValue {
+public:
+    //! Name-value pair in an object.
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding, Allocator> Member;
+    typedef Encoding EncodingType;                  //!< Encoding type from template parameter.
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;                //!< Allocator type from template parameter.
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;               //!< Character type derived from Encoding.
+    typedef GenericStringRef<Ch> StringRefType;     //!< Reference to a constant string
+    typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator MemberIterator;  //!< Member iterator for iterating in object.
+    typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator ConstMemberIterator;  //!< Constant member iterator for iterating in object.
+    typedef GenericValue* ValueIterator;            //!< Value iterator for iterating in array.
+    typedef const GenericValue* ConstValueIterator; //!< Constant value iterator for iterating in array.
+    typedef GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> ValueType;    //!< Value type of itself.
+    typedef GenericArray<false, ValueType> Array;
+    typedef GenericArray<true, ValueType> ConstArray;
+    typedef GenericObject<false, ValueType> Object;
+    typedef GenericObject<true, ValueType> ConstObject;
+
+    //!@name Constructors and destructor.
+    //@{
+
+    //! Default constructor creates a null value.
+    GenericValue() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.f.flags = kNullFlag; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericValue(GenericValue&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(rhs.data_) {
+        rhs.data_.f.flags = kNullFlag; // give up contents
+    }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    //! Copy constructor is not permitted.
+    GenericValue(const GenericValue& rhs);
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Moving from a GenericDocument is not permitted.
+    template <typename StackAllocator>
+    GenericValue(GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator,StackAllocator>&& rhs);
+
+    //! Move assignment from a GenericDocument is not permitted.
+    template <typename StackAllocator>
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator,StackAllocator>&& rhs);
+#endif
+
+public:
+
+    //! Constructor with JSON value type.
+    /*! This creates a Value of specified type with default content.
+        \param type Type of the value.
+        \note Default content for number is zero.
+    */
+    explicit GenericValue(Type type) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        static const uint16_t defaultFlags[] = {
+            kNullFlag, kFalseFlag, kTrueFlag, kObjectFlag, kArrayFlag, kShortStringFlag,
+            kNumberAnyFlag
+        };
+        RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT_ASSERT(type >= kNullType && type <= kNumberType);
+        data_.f.flags = defaultFlags[type];
+
+        // Use ShortString to store empty string.
+        if (type == kStringType)
+            data_.ss.SetLength(0);
+    }
+
+    //! Explicit copy constructor (with allocator)
+    /*! Creates a copy of a Value by using the given Allocator
+        \tparam SourceAllocator allocator of \c rhs
+        \param rhs Value to copy from (read-only)
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied elements and buffers. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \param copyConstStrings Force copying of constant strings (e.g. referencing an in-situ buffer)
+        \see CopyFrom()
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue(const GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator, bool copyConstStrings = false) {
+        switch (rhs.GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType:
+            DoCopyMembers(rhs, allocator, copyConstStrings);
+            break;
+        case kArrayType: {
+                SizeType count = rhs.data_.a.size;
+                GenericValue* le = reinterpret_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Malloc(count * sizeof(GenericValue)));
+                const GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>* re = rhs.GetElementsPointer();
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                    new (&le[i]) GenericValue(re[i], allocator, copyConstStrings);
+                data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+                data_.a.size = data_.a.capacity = count;
+                SetElementsPointer(le);
+            }
+            break;
+        case kStringType:
+            if (rhs.data_.f.flags == kConstStringFlag && !copyConstStrings) {
+                data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+                data_  = *reinterpret_cast<const Data*>(&rhs.data_);
+            }
+            else
+                SetStringRaw(StringRef(rhs.GetString(), rhs.GetStringLength()), allocator);
+            break;
+        default:
+            data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+            data_  = *reinterpret_cast<const Data*>(&rhs.data_);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for boolean value.
+    /*! \param b Boolean value
+        \note This constructor is limited to \em real boolean values and rejects
+            implicitly converted types like arbitrary pointers.  Use an explicit cast
+            to \c bool, if you want to construct a boolean JSON value in such cases.
+     */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING // hide SFINAE from Doxygen
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit GenericValue(T b, RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF((internal::IsSame<bool, T>))) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT  // See #472
+#else
+    explicit GenericValue(bool b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+#endif
+        : data_() {
+            // safe-guard against failing SFINAE
+            RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT((internal::IsSame<bool,T>::Value));
+            data_.f.flags = b ? kTrueFlag : kFalseFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for int value.
+    explicit GenericValue(int i) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.i64 = i;
+        data_.f.flags = (i >= 0) ? (kNumberIntFlag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag) : kNumberIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for unsigned value.
+    explicit GenericValue(unsigned u) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.u64 = u; 
+        data_.f.flags = (u & 0x80000000) ? kNumberUintFlag : (kNumberUintFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag);
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for int64_t value.
+    explicit GenericValue(int64_t i64) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.i64 = i64;
+        data_.f.flags = kNumberInt64Flag;
+        if (i64 >= 0) {
+            data_.f.flags |= kNumberUint64Flag;
+            if (!(static_cast<uint64_t>(i64) & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x00000000)))
+                data_.f.flags |= kUintFlag;
+            if (!(static_cast<uint64_t>(i64) & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+                data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+        }
+        else if (i64 >= static_cast<int64_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for uint64_t value.
+    explicit GenericValue(uint64_t u64) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.u64 = u64;
+        data_.f.flags = kNumberUint64Flag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80000000, 0x00000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kInt64Flag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x00000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kUintFlag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for double value.
+    explicit GenericValue(double d) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.n.d = d; data_.f.flags = kNumberDoubleFlag; }
+
+    //! Constructor for float value.
+    explicit GenericValue(float f) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.n.d = static_cast<double>(f); data_.f.flags = kNumberDoubleFlag; }
+
+    //! Constructor for constant string (i.e. do not make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch* s, SizeType length) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length)); }
+
+    //! Constructor for constant string (i.e. do not make a copy of string)
+    explicit GenericValue(StringRefType s) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { SetStringRaw(s); }
+
+    //! Constructor for copy-string (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch* s, SizeType length, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length), allocator); }
+
+    //! Constructor for copy-string (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch*s, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Constructor for copy-string from a string object (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    /*! \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+     */
+    GenericValue(const std::basic_string<Ch>& s, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Constructor for Array.
+    /*!
+        \param a An array obtained by \c GetArray().
+        \note \c Array is always pass-by-value.
+        \note the source array is moved into this value and the sourec array becomes empty.
+    */
+    GenericValue(Array a) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(a.value_.data_) {
+        a.value_.data_ = Data();
+        a.value_.data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for Object.
+    /*!
+        \param o An object obtained by \c GetObject().
+        \note \c Object is always pass-by-value.
+        \note the source object is moved into this value and the sourec object becomes empty.
+    */
+    GenericValue(Object o) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(o.value_.data_) {
+        o.value_.data_ = Data();
+        o.value_.data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /*! Need to destruct elements of array, members of object, or copy-string.
+    */
+    ~GenericValue() {
+        // With RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP, the maps need to be destroyed to release
+        // their Allocator if it's refcounted (e.g. MemoryPoolAllocator).
+        if (Allocator::kNeedFree || (RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP+0 &&
+                                     internal::IsRefCounted<Allocator>::Value)) {
+            switch(data_.f.flags) {
+            case kArrayFlag:
+                {
+                    GenericValue* e = GetElementsPointer();
+                    for (GenericValue* v = e; v != e + data_.a.size; ++v)
+                        v->~GenericValue();
+                    if (Allocator::kNeedFree) { // Shortcut by Allocator's trait
+                        Allocator::Free(e);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case kObjectFlag:
+                DoFreeMembers();
+                break;
+
+            case kCopyStringFlag:
+                if (Allocator::kNeedFree) { // Shortcut by Allocator's trait
+                    Allocator::Free(const_cast<Ch*>(GetStringPointer()));
+                }
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                break;  // Do nothing for other types.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Assignment operators
+    //@{
+
+    //! Assignment with move semantics.
+    /*! \param rhs Source of the assignment. It will become a null value after assignment.
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericValue& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(this != &rhs)) {
+            // Can't destroy "this" before assigning "rhs", otherwise "rhs"
+            // could be used after free if it's an sub-Value of "this",
+            // hence the temporary danse.
+            GenericValue temp;
+            temp.RawAssign(rhs);
+            this->~GenericValue();
+            RawAssign(temp);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericValue&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return *this = rhs.Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Assignment of constant string reference (no copy)
+    /*! \param str Constant string reference to be assigned
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type assignment overload below.
+        \see GenericStringRef, operator=(T)
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator=(StringRefType str) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        GenericValue s(str);
+        return *this = s;
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment with primitive types.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param value The value to be assigned.
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref SetString(const Ch*, Allocator&) (for copying) or
+            \ref StringRef() (to explicitly mark the pointer as constant) instead.
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use \ref SetBool() instead.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsPointer<T>), (GenericValue&))
+    operator=(T value) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return *this = v;
+    }
+
+    //! Deep-copy assignment from Value
+    /*! Assigns a \b copy of the Value to the current Value object
+        \tparam SourceAllocator Allocator type of \c rhs
+        \param rhs Value to copy from (read-only)
+        \param allocator Allocator to use for copying
+        \param copyConstStrings Force copying of constant strings (e.g. referencing an in-situ buffer)
+     */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue& CopyFrom(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator, bool copyConstStrings = false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(static_cast<void*>(this) != static_cast<void const*>(&rhs));
+        this->~GenericValue();
+        new (this) GenericValue(rhs, allocator, copyConstStrings);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange the contents of this value with those of other.
+    /*!
+        \param other Another value.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& Swap(GenericValue& other) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        GenericValue temp;
+        temp.RawAssign(*this);
+        RawAssign(other);
+        other.RawAssign(temp);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.value, b.value);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericValue& a, GenericValue& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //! Prepare Value for move semantics
+    /*! \return *this */
+    GenericValue& Move() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { return *this; }
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Equal-to and not-equal-to operators
+    //@{
+    //! Equal-to operator
+    /*!
+        \note If an object contains duplicated named member, comparing equality with any object is always \c false.
+        \note Complexity is quadratic in Object's member number and linear for the rest (number of all values in the subtree and total lengths of all strings).
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool operator==(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const {
+        typedef GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator> RhsType;
+        if (GetType() != rhs.GetType())
+            return false;
+
+        switch (GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType: // Warning: O(n^2) inner-loop
+            if (data_.o.size != rhs.data_.o.size)
+                return false;           
+            for (ConstMemberIterator lhsMemberItr = MemberBegin(); lhsMemberItr != MemberEnd(); ++lhsMemberItr) {
+                typename RhsType::ConstMemberIterator rhsMemberItr = rhs.FindMember(lhsMemberItr->name);
+                if (rhsMemberItr == rhs.MemberEnd() || lhsMemberItr->value != rhsMemberItr->value)
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+            
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (data_.a.size != rhs.data_.a.size)
+                return false;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < data_.a.size; i++)
+                if ((*this)[i] != rhs[i])
+                    return false;
+            return true;
+
+        case kStringType:
+            return StringEqual(rhs);
+
+        case kNumberType:
+            if (IsDouble() || rhs.IsDouble()) {
+                double a = GetDouble();     // May convert from integer to double.
+                double b = rhs.GetDouble(); // Ditto
+                return a >= b && a <= b;    // Prevent -Wfloat-equal
+            }
+            else
+                return data_.n.u64 == rhs.data_.n.u64;
+
+        default:
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with const C-string pointer
+    bool operator==(const Ch* rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(StringRef(rhs)); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Equal-to operator with string object
+    /*! \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+     */
+    bool operator==(const std::basic_string<Ch>& rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(StringRef(rhs)); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with primitive types
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c double, \c true, \c false
+    */
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>,internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (bool)) operator==(const T& rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator
+    /*! \return !(*this == rhs)
+     */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool operator!=(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator with const C-string pointer
+    bool operator!=(const Ch* rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator with arbitrary types
+    /*! \return !(*this == rhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator!=(const T& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+#ifndef __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
+    //! Equal-to operator with arbitrary types (symmetric version)
+    /*! \return (rhs == lhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> friend RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator==(const T& lhs, const GenericValue& rhs) { return rhs == lhs; }
+
+    //! Not-Equal-to operator with arbitrary types (symmetric version)
+    /*! \return !(rhs == lhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> friend RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator!=(const T& lhs, const GenericValue& rhs) { return !(rhs == lhs); }
+    //@}
+#endif
+
+    //!@name Type
+    //@{
+
+    Type GetType()  const { return static_cast<Type>(data_.f.flags & kTypeMask); }
+    bool IsNull()   const { return data_.f.flags == kNullFlag; }
+    bool IsFalse()  const { return data_.f.flags == kFalseFlag; }
+    bool IsTrue()   const { return data_.f.flags == kTrueFlag; }
+    bool IsBool()   const { return (data_.f.flags & kBoolFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsObject() const { return data_.f.flags == kObjectFlag; }
+    bool IsArray()  const { return data_.f.flags == kArrayFlag; }
+    bool IsNumber() const { return (data_.f.flags & kNumberFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsInt()    const { return (data_.f.flags & kIntFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsUint()   const { return (data_.f.flags & kUintFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsInt64()  const { return (data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag) != 0; }
+    bool IsUint64() const { return (data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag) != 0; }
+    bool IsDouble() const { return (data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsString() const { return (data_.f.flags & kStringFlag) != 0; }
+
+    // Checks whether a number can be losslessly converted to a double.
+    bool IsLosslessDouble() const {
+        if (!IsNumber()) return false;
+        if (IsUint64()) {
+            uint64_t u = GetUint64();
+            volatile double d = static_cast<double>(u);
+            return (d >= 0.0)
+                && (d < static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max)()))
+                && (u == static_cast<uint64_t>(d));
+        }
+        if (IsInt64()) {
+            int64_t i = GetInt64();
+            volatile double d = static_cast<double>(i);
+            return (d >= static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min)()))
+                && (d < static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max)()))
+                && (i == static_cast<int64_t>(d));
+        }
+        return true; // double, int, uint are always lossless
+    }
+
+    // Checks whether a number is a float (possible lossy).
+    bool IsFloat() const  {
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) == 0)
+            return false;
+        double d = GetDouble();
+        return d >= -3.4028234e38 && d <= 3.4028234e38;
+    }
+    // Checks whether a number can be losslessly converted to a float.
+    bool IsLosslessFloat() const {
+        if (!IsNumber()) return false;
+        double a = GetDouble();
+        if (a < static_cast<double>(-(std::numeric_limits<float>::max)())
+                || a > static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<float>::max)()))
+            return false;
+        double b = static_cast<double>(static_cast<float>(a));
+        return a >= b && a <= b;    // Prevent -Wfloat-equal
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Null
+    //@{
+
+    GenericValue& SetNull() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Bool
+    //@{
+
+    bool GetBool() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsBool()); return data_.f.flags == kTrueFlag; }
+    //!< Set boolean value
+    /*! \post IsBool() == true */
+    GenericValue& SetBool(bool b) { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(b); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Object
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set this value as an empty object.
+    /*! \post IsObject() == true */
+    GenericValue& SetObject() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(kObjectType); return *this; }
+
+    //! Get the number of members in the object.
+    SizeType MemberCount() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.size; }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of object.
+    SizeType MemberCapacity() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.capacity; }
+
+    //! Check whether the object is empty.
+    bool ObjectEmpty() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.size == 0; }
+
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with the name.
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true
+        \tparam T Either \c Ch or \c const \c Ch (template used for disambiguation with \ref operator[](SizeType))
+        \note In version 0.1x, if the member is not found, this function returns a null value. This makes issue 7.
+        Since 0.2, if the name is not correct, it will assert.
+        If user is unsure whether a member exists, user should use HasMember() first.
+        A better approach is to use FindMember().
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >),(GenericValue&)) operator[](T* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return (*this)[n];
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >),(const GenericValue&)) operator[](T* name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[name]; }
+
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with the name.
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true
+        \tparam SourceAllocator Allocator of the \c name value
+
+        \note Compared to \ref operator[](T*), this version is faster because it does not need a StrLen().
+        And it can also handle strings with embedded null characters.
+
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue& operator[](const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator member = FindMember(name);
+        if (member != MemberEnd())
+            return member->value;
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);    // see above note
+
+            // This will generate -Wexit-time-destructors in clang
+            // static GenericValue NullValue;
+            // return NullValue;
+
+            // Use static buffer and placement-new to prevent destruction
+            static char buffer[sizeof(GenericValue)];
+            return *new (buffer) GenericValue();
+        }
+    }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    const GenericValue& operator[](const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[name]; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with name (string object).
+    GenericValue& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return (*this)[GenericValue(StringRef(name))]; }
+    const GenericValue& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return (*this)[GenericValue(StringRef(name))]; }
+#endif
+
+    //! Const member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    ConstMemberIterator MemberBegin() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstMemberIterator(GetMembersPointer()); }
+    //! Const \em past-the-end member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    ConstMemberIterator MemberEnd() const   { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstMemberIterator(GetMembersPointer() + data_.o.size); }
+    //! Member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    MemberIterator MemberBegin()            { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return MemberIterator(GetMembersPointer()); }
+    //! \em Past-the-end member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    MemberIterator MemberEnd()              { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return MemberIterator(GetMembersPointer() + data_.o.size); }
+
+    //! Request the object to have enough capacity to store members.
+    /*! \param newCapacity  The capacity that the object at least need to have.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& MemberReserve(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator &allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        DoReserveMembers(newCapacity, allocator);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool HasMember(const Ch* name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object with string object.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool HasMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object with GenericValue name.
+    /*!
+        This version is faster because it does not need a StrLen(). It can also handle string with null character.
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool HasMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+
+    //! Find member by name.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+
+        \note Earlier versions of Rapidjson returned a \c NULL pointer, in case
+            the requested member doesn't exist. For consistency with e.g.
+            \c std::map, this has been changed to MemberEnd() now.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return FindMember(n);
+    }
+
+    ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).FindMember(name); }
+
+    //! Find member by name.
+    /*!
+        This version is faster because it does not need a StrLen(). It can also handle string with null character.
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+
+        \note Earlier versions of Rapidjson returned a \c NULL pointer, in case
+            the requested member doesn't exist. For consistency with e.g.
+            \c std::map, this has been changed to MemberEnd() now.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name.IsString());
+        return DoFindMember(name);
+    }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).FindMember(name); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Find member by string object name.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+    */
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return FindMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+    ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return FindMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Add a member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value Value of any type.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c name and \c value will be transferred to this object on success.
+        \pre  IsObject() && name.IsString()
+        \post name.IsNull() && value.IsNull()
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name.IsString());
+        DoAddMember(name, value, allocator);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Add a constant string value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(GenericValue&,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Add a string object as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(GenericValue&,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, std::basic_string<Ch>& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value, allocator);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Add any primitive value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value Value of primitive type \c T as value of member
+        \param allocator Allocator for reallocating memory. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref AddMember(StringRefType, GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            AddMember(StringRefType, StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    AddMember(GenericValue& name, T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue&& name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue&& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+
+    //! Add a member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value Value of any type.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c value will be transferred to this object on success.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \post value.IsNull()
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Add a constant string value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(StringRefType,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Add any primitive value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value Value of primitive type \c T as value of member
+        \param allocator Allocator for reallocating memory. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref AddMember(StringRefType, GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            AddMember(StringRefType, StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    AddMember(StringRefType name, T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove all members in the object.
+    /*! This function do not deallocate memory in the object, i.e. the capacity is unchanged.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    void RemoveAllMembers() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); 
+        DoClearMembers();
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member in object by its name.
+    /*! \param name Name of member to be removed.
+        \return Whether the member existed.
+        \note This function may reorder the object members. Use \ref
+            EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator) if you need to preserve the
+            relative order of the remaining members.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return RemoveMember(n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool RemoveMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return RemoveMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool RemoveMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator m = FindMember(name);
+        if (m != MemberEnd()) {
+            RemoveMember(m);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member in object by iterator.
+    /*! \param m member iterator (obtained by FindMember() or MemberBegin()).
+        \return the new iterator after removal.
+        \note This function may reorder the object members. Use \ref
+            EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator) if you need to preserve the
+            relative order of the remaining members.
+        \note Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator m) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.o.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetMembersPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(m >= MemberBegin() && m < MemberEnd());
+        return DoRemoveMember(m);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member from an object by iterator.
+    /*! \param pos iterator to the member to remove
+        \pre IsObject() == true && \ref MemberBegin() <= \c pos < \ref MemberEnd()
+        \return Iterator following the removed element.
+            If the iterator \c pos refers to the last element, the \ref MemberEnd() iterator is returned.
+        \note This function preserves the relative order of the remaining object
+            members. If you do not need this, use the more efficient \ref RemoveMember(MemberIterator).
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator pos) {
+        return EraseMember(pos, pos +1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove members in the range [first, last) from an object.
+    /*! \param first iterator to the first member to remove
+        \param last  iterator following the last member to remove
+        \pre IsObject() == true && \ref MemberBegin() <= \c first <= \c last <= \ref MemberEnd()
+        \return Iterator following the last removed element.
+        \note This function preserves the relative order of the remaining object
+            members.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.o.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetMembersPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first >= MemberBegin());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first <= last);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(last <= MemberEnd());
+        return DoEraseMembers(first, last);
+    }
+
+    //! Erase a member in object by its name.
+    /*! \param name Name of member to be removed.
+        \return Whether the member existed.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool EraseMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return EraseMember(n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool EraseMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return EraseMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool EraseMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator m = FindMember(name);
+        if (m != MemberEnd()) {
+            EraseMember(m);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    Object GetObject() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return Object(*this); }
+    Object GetObj() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return Object(*this); }
+    ConstObject GetObject() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstObject(*this); }
+    ConstObject GetObj() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstObject(*this); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Array
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set this value as an empty array.
+    /*! \post IsArray == true */
+    GenericValue& SetArray() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(kArrayType); return *this; }
+
+    //! Get the number of elements in array.
+    SizeType Size() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.size; }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of array.
+    SizeType Capacity() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.capacity; }
+
+    //! Check whether the array is empty.
+    bool Empty() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.size == 0; }
+
+    //! Remove all elements in the array.
+    /*! This function do not deallocate memory in the array, i.e. the capacity is unchanged.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    void Clear() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); 
+        GenericValue* e = GetElementsPointer();
+        for (GenericValue* v = e; v != e + data_.a.size; ++v)
+            v->~GenericValue();
+        data_.a.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Get an element from array by index.
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true
+        \param index Zero-based index of element.
+        \see operator[](T*)
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator[](SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < data_.a.size);
+        return GetElementsPointer()[index];
+    }
+    const GenericValue& operator[](SizeType index) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[index]; }
+
+    //! Element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ValueIterator Begin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return GetElementsPointer(); }
+    //! \em Past-the-end element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ValueIterator End() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return GetElementsPointer() + data_.a.size; }
+    //! Constant element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ConstValueIterator Begin() const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).Begin(); }
+    //! Constant \em past-the-end element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ConstValueIterator End() const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).End(); }
+
+    //! Request the array to have enough capacity to store elements.
+    /*! \param newCapacity  The capacity that the array at least need to have.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& Reserve(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator &allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        if (newCapacity > data_.a.capacity) {
+            SetElementsPointer(reinterpret_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Realloc(GetElementsPointer(), data_.a.capacity * sizeof(GenericValue), newCapacity * sizeof(GenericValue))));
+            data_.a.capacity = newCapacity;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Append a GenericValue at the end of the array.
+    /*! \param value        Value to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \post value.IsNull() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c value will be transferred to this array on success.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& PushBack(GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        if (data_.a.size >= data_.a.capacity)
+            Reserve(data_.a.capacity == 0 ? kDefaultArrayCapacity : (data_.a.capacity + (data_.a.capacity + 1) / 2), allocator);
+        GetElementsPointer()[data_.a.size++].RawAssign(value);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericValue& PushBack(GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return PushBack(value, allocator);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+    //! Append a constant string reference at the end of the array.
+    /*! \param value        Constant string reference to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one used previously. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+        \see GenericStringRef
+    */
+    GenericValue& PushBack(StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return (*this).template PushBack<StringRefType>(value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Append a primitive value at the end of the array.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param value Value of primitive type T to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref PushBack(GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            PushBack(StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    PushBack(T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return PushBack(v, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove the last element in the array.
+    /*!
+        \note Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& PopBack() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Empty());
+        GetElementsPointer()[--data_.a.size].~GenericValue();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove an element of array by iterator.
+    /*!
+        \param pos iterator to the element to remove
+        \pre IsArray() == true && \ref Begin() <= \c pos < \ref End()
+        \return Iterator following the removed element. If the iterator pos refers to the last element, the End() iterator is returned.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos) {
+        return Erase(pos, pos + 1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove elements in the range [first, last) of the array.
+    /*!
+        \param first iterator to the first element to remove
+        \param last  iterator following the last element to remove
+        \pre IsArray() == true && \ref Begin() <= \c first <= \c last <= \ref End()
+        \return Iterator following the last removed element.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.a.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetElementsPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first >= Begin());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first <= last);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(last <= End());
+        ValueIterator pos = Begin() + (first - Begin());
+        for (ValueIterator itr = pos; itr != last; ++itr)
+            itr->~GenericValue();
+        std::memmove(static_cast<void*>(pos), last, static_cast<size_t>(End() - last) * sizeof(GenericValue));
+        data_.a.size -= static_cast<SizeType>(last - first);
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    Array GetArray() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return Array(*this); }
+    ConstArray GetArray() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return ConstArray(*this); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Number
+    //@{
+
+    int GetInt() const          { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kIntFlag);   return data_.n.i.i;   }
+    unsigned GetUint() const    { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kUintFlag);  return data_.n.u.u;   }
+    int64_t GetInt64() const    { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag); return data_.n.i64; }
+    uint64_t GetUint64() const  { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag); return data_.n.u64; }
+
+    //! Get the value as double type.
+    /*! \note If the value is 64-bit integer type, it may lose precision. Use \c IsLosslessDouble() to check whether the converison is lossless.
+    */
+    double GetDouble() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsNumber());
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) != 0)                return data_.n.d;   // exact type, no conversion.
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kIntFlag) != 0)                   return data_.n.i.i; // int -> double
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kUintFlag) != 0)                  return data_.n.u.u; // unsigned -> double
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag) != 0)                 return static_cast<double>(data_.n.i64); // int64_t -> double (may lose precision)
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT((data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag) != 0);  return static_cast<double>(data_.n.u64); // uint64_t -> double (may lose precision)
+    }
+
+    //! Get the value as float type.
+    /*! \note If the value is 64-bit integer type, it may lose precision. Use \c IsLosslessFloat() to check whether the converison is lossless.
+    */
+    float GetFloat() const {
+        return static_cast<float>(GetDouble());
+    }
+
+    GenericValue& SetInt(int i)             { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(i);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetUint(unsigned u)       { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(u);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetInt64(int64_t i64)     { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(i64);  return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetUint64(uint64_t u64)   { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(u64);  return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetDouble(double d)       { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(d);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetFloat(float f)         { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(static_cast<double>(f)); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name String
+    //@{
+
+    const Ch* GetString() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString()); return DataString(data_); }
+
+    //! Get the length of string.
+    /*! Since rapidjson permits "\\u0000" in the json string, strlen(v.GetString()) may not equal to v.GetStringLength().
+    */
+    SizeType GetStringLength() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString()); return DataStringLength(data_); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string without copying source string.
+    /*! This version has better performance with supplied length, and also support string containing null character.
+        \param s source string pointer. 
+        \param length The length of source string, excluding the trailing null terminator.
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() == s && GetStringLength() == length
+        \see SetString(StringRefType)
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, SizeType length) { return SetString(StringRef(s, length)); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string without copying source string.
+    /*! \param s source string reference
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() == s && GetStringLength() == s.length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(StringRefType s) { this->~GenericValue(); SetStringRaw(s); return *this; }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! This version has better performance with supplied length, and also support string containing null character.
+        \param s source string. 
+        \param length The length of source string, excluding the trailing null terminator.
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, SizeType length, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(StringRef(s, length), allocator); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string. 
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string reference
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s.s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(StringRefType s, Allocator& allocator) { this->~GenericValue(); SetStringRaw(s, allocator); return *this; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string.
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s.data() && strcmp(GetString(),s.data() == 0 && GetStringLength() == s.size()
+        \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const std::basic_string<Ch>& s, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+#endif
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Array
+    //@{
+
+    //! Templated version for checking whether this value is type T.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \c bool, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c double, \c float, \c const \c char*, \c std::basic_string<Ch>
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    bool Is() const { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Is(*this); }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T Get() const { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Get(*this); }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T Get() { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Get(*this); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    ValueType& Set(const T& data) { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Set(*this, data); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    ValueType& Set(const T& data, AllocatorType& allocator) { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Set(*this, data, allocator); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Generate events of this value to a Handler.
+    /*! This function adopts the GoF visitor pattern.
+        Typical usage is to output this JSON value as JSON text via Writer, which is a Handler.
+        It can also be used to deep clone this value via GenericDocument, which is also a Handler.
+        \tparam Handler type of handler.
+        \param handler An object implementing concept Handler.
+    */
+    template <typename Handler>
+    bool Accept(Handler& handler) const {
+        switch(GetType()) {
+        case kNullType:     return handler.Null();
+        case kFalseType:    return handler.Bool(false);
+        case kTrueType:     return handler.Bool(true);
+
+        case kObjectType:
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartObject()))
+                return false;
+            for (ConstMemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m) {
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(m->name.IsString()); // User may change the type of name by MemberIterator.
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Key(m->name.GetString(), m->name.GetStringLength(), (m->name.data_.f.flags & kCopyFlag) != 0)))
+                    return false;
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!m->value.Accept(handler)))
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return handler.EndObject(data_.o.size);
+
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartArray()))
+                return false;
+            for (ConstValueIterator v = Begin(); v != End(); ++v)
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!v->Accept(handler)))
+                    return false;
+            return handler.EndArray(data_.a.size);
+    
+        case kStringType:
+            return handler.String(GetString(), GetStringLength(), (data_.f.flags & kCopyFlag) != 0);
+    
+        default:
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetType() == kNumberType);
+            if (IsDouble())         return handler.Double(data_.n.d);
+            else if (IsInt())       return handler.Int(data_.n.i.i);
+            else if (IsUint())      return handler.Uint(data_.n.u.u);
+            else if (IsInt64())     return handler.Int64(data_.n.i64);
+            else                    return handler.Uint64(data_.n.u64);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericValue;
+    template <typename, typename, typename> friend class GenericDocument;
+
+    enum {
+        kBoolFlag       = 0x0008,
+        kNumberFlag     = 0x0010,
+        kIntFlag        = 0x0020,
+        kUintFlag       = 0x0040,
+        kInt64Flag      = 0x0080,
+        kUint64Flag     = 0x0100,
+        kDoubleFlag     = 0x0200,
+        kStringFlag     = 0x0400,
+        kCopyFlag       = 0x0800,
+        kInlineStrFlag  = 0x1000,
+
+        // Initial flags of different types.
+        kNullFlag = kNullType,
+        // These casts are added to suppress the warning on MSVC about bitwise operations between enums of different types.
+        kTrueFlag = static_cast<int>(kTrueType) | static_cast<int>(kBoolFlag),
+        kFalseFlag = static_cast<int>(kFalseType) | static_cast<int>(kBoolFlag),
+        kNumberIntFlag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag),
+        kNumberUintFlag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag | kInt64Flag),
+        kNumberInt64Flag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kInt64Flag),
+        kNumberUint64Flag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kUint64Flag),
+        kNumberDoubleFlag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kDoubleFlag),
+        kNumberAnyFlag = static_cast<int>(kNumberType) | static_cast<int>(kNumberFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag | kDoubleFlag),
+        kConstStringFlag = static_cast<int>(kStringType) | static_cast<int>(kStringFlag),
+        kCopyStringFlag = static_cast<int>(kStringType) | static_cast<int>(kStringFlag | kCopyFlag),
+        kShortStringFlag = static_cast<int>(kStringType) | static_cast<int>(kStringFlag | kCopyFlag | kInlineStrFlag),
+        kObjectFlag = kObjectType,
+        kArrayFlag = kArrayType,
+
+        kTypeMask = 0x07
+    };
+
+    static const SizeType kDefaultArrayCapacity = RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_ARRAY_CAPACITY;
+    static const SizeType kDefaultObjectCapacity = RAPIDJSON_VALUE_DEFAULT_OBJECT_CAPACITY;
+
+    struct Flag {
+#if RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + 6];     // 2 x SizeType + lower 48-bit pointer
+#elif RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + sizeof(void*) + 6]; // 6 padding bytes
+#else
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + sizeof(void*) + 2]; // 2 padding bytes
+#endif
+        uint16_t flags;
+    };
+
+    struct String {
+        SizeType length;
+        SizeType hashcode;  //!< reserved
+        const Ch* str;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    // implementation detail: ShortString can represent zero-terminated strings up to MaxSize chars
+    // (excluding the terminating zero) and store a value to determine the length of the contained
+    // string in the last character str[LenPos] by storing "MaxSize - length" there. If the string
+    // to store has the maximal length of MaxSize then str[LenPos] will be 0 and therefore act as
+    // the string terminator as well. For getting the string length back from that value just use
+    // "MaxSize - str[LenPos]".
+    // This allows to store 13-chars strings in 32-bit mode, 21-chars strings in 64-bit mode,
+    // 13-chars strings for RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION=1 inline (for `UTF8`-encoded strings).
+    struct ShortString {
+        enum { MaxChars = sizeof(static_cast<Flag*>(0)->payload) / sizeof(Ch), MaxSize = MaxChars - 1, LenPos = MaxSize };
+        Ch str[MaxChars];
+
+        inline static bool Usable(SizeType len) { return                       (MaxSize >= len); }
+        inline void     SetLength(SizeType len) { str[LenPos] = static_cast<Ch>(MaxSize -  len); }
+        inline SizeType GetLength() const       { return  static_cast<SizeType>(MaxSize -  str[LenPos]); }
+    };  // at most as many bytes as "String" above => 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    // By using proper binary layout, retrieval of different integer types do not need conversions.
+    union Number {
+#if RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN == RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+        struct I {
+            int i;
+            char padding[4];
+        }i;
+        struct U {
+            unsigned u;
+            char padding2[4];
+        }u;
+#else
+        struct I {
+            char padding[4];
+            int i;
+        }i;
+        struct U {
+            char padding2[4];
+            unsigned u;
+        }u;
+#endif
+        int64_t i64;
+        uint64_t u64;
+        double d;
+    };  // 8 bytes
+
+    struct ObjectData {
+        SizeType size;
+        SizeType capacity;
+        Member* members;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    struct ArrayData {
+        SizeType size;
+        SizeType capacity;
+        GenericValue* elements;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    union Data {
+        String s;
+        ShortString ss;
+        Number n;
+        ObjectData o;
+        ArrayData a;
+        Flag f;
+    };  // 16 bytes in 32-bit mode, 24 bytes in 64-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit with RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* DataString(const Data& data) {
+        return (data.f.flags & kInlineStrFlag) ? data.ss.str : RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Ch, data.s.str);
+    }
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE SizeType DataStringLength(const Data& data) {
+        return (data.f.flags & kInlineStrFlag) ? data.ss.GetLength() : data.s.length;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* GetStringPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Ch, data_.s.str); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* SetStringPointer(const Ch* str) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Ch, data_.s.str, str); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE GenericValue* GetElementsPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(GenericValue, data_.a.elements); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE GenericValue* SetElementsPointer(GenericValue* elements) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(GenericValue, data_.a.elements, elements); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* GetMembersPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Member, data_.o.members); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* SetMembersPointer(Member* members) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Member, data_.o.members, members); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+
+    struct MapTraits {
+        struct Less {
+            bool operator()(const Data& s1, const Data& s2) const {
+                SizeType n1 = DataStringLength(s1), n2 = DataStringLength(s2);
+                int cmp = std::memcmp(DataString(s1), DataString(s2), sizeof(Ch) * (n1 < n2 ? n1 : n2));
+                return cmp < 0 || (cmp == 0 && n1 < n2);
+            }
+        };
+        typedef std::pair<const Data, SizeType> Pair;
+        typedef std::multimap<Data, SizeType, Less, StdAllocator<Pair, Allocator> > Map;
+        typedef typename Map::iterator Iterator;
+    };
+    typedef typename MapTraits::Map         Map;
+    typedef typename MapTraits::Less        MapLess;
+    typedef typename MapTraits::Pair        MapPair;
+    typedef typename MapTraits::Iterator    MapIterator;
+
+    //
+    // Layout of the members' map/array, re(al)located according to the needed capacity:
+    //
+    //    {Map*}<>{capacity}<>{Member[capacity]}<>{MapIterator[capacity]}
+    //
+    // (where <> stands for the RAPIDJSON_ALIGN-ment, if needed)
+    //
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE size_t GetMapLayoutSize(SizeType capacity) {
+        return RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)) +
+               RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SizeType)) +
+               RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(capacity * sizeof(Member)) +
+               capacity * sizeof(MapIterator);
+    }
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE SizeType &GetMapCapacity(Map* &map) {
+        return *reinterpret_cast<SizeType*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&map) +
+                                            RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)));
+    }
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* GetMapMembers(Map* &map) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<Member*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&map) +
+                                         RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)) +
+                                         RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SizeType)));
+    }
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE MapIterator* GetMapIterators(Map* &map) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<MapIterator*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&map) +
+                                              RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)) +
+                                              RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SizeType)) +
+                                              RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(GetMapCapacity(map) * sizeof(Member)));
+    }
+
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Map* &GetMap(Member* members) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(members != 0);
+        return *reinterpret_cast<Map**>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(members) -
+                                        RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(SizeType)) -
+                                        RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(Map*)));
+    }
+
+    // Some compilers' debug mechanisms want all iterators to be destroyed, for their accounting..
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE MapIterator DropMapIterator(MapIterator& rhs) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11
+        MapIterator ret = std::move(rhs);
+#else
+        MapIterator ret = rhs;
+#endif
+        rhs.~MapIterator();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    Map* &DoReallocMap(Map** oldMap, SizeType newCapacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        Map **newMap = static_cast<Map**>(allocator.Malloc(GetMapLayoutSize(newCapacity)));
+        GetMapCapacity(*newMap) = newCapacity;
+        if (!oldMap) {
+            *newMap = new (allocator.Malloc(sizeof(Map))) Map(MapLess(), allocator);
+        }
+        else {
+            *newMap = *oldMap;
+            size_t count = (*oldMap)->size();
+            std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(GetMapMembers(*newMap)),
+                        static_cast<void*>(GetMapMembers(*oldMap)),
+                        count * sizeof(Member));
+            MapIterator *oldIt = GetMapIterators(*oldMap),
+                        *newIt = GetMapIterators(*newMap);
+            while (count--) {
+                new (&newIt[count]) MapIterator(DropMapIterator(oldIt[count]));
+            }
+            Allocator::Free(oldMap);
+        }
+        return *newMap;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* DoAllocMembers(SizeType capacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return GetMapMembers(DoReallocMap(0, capacity, allocator));
+    }
+
+    void DoReserveMembers(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        if (newCapacity > o.capacity) {
+            Member* oldMembers = GetMembersPointer();
+            Map **oldMap = oldMembers ? &GetMap(oldMembers) : 0,
+                *&newMap = DoReallocMap(oldMap, newCapacity, allocator);
+            RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Member, o.members, GetMapMembers(newMap));
+            o.capacity = newCapacity;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    MemberIterator DoFindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        if (Member* members = GetMembersPointer()) {
+            Map* &map = GetMap(members);
+            MapIterator mit = map->find(reinterpret_cast<const Data&>(name.data_));
+            if (mit != map->end()) {
+                return MemberIterator(&members[mit->second]);
+            }
+        }
+        return MemberEnd();
+    }
+
+    void DoClearMembers() {
+        if (Member* members = GetMembersPointer()) {
+            Map* &map = GetMap(members);
+            MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < data_.o.size; i++) {
+                map->erase(DropMapIterator(mit[i]));
+                members[i].~Member();
+            }
+            data_.o.size = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void DoFreeMembers() {
+        if (Member* members = GetMembersPointer()) {
+            GetMap(members)->~Map();
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < data_.o.size; i++) {
+                members[i].~Member();
+            }
+            if (Allocator::kNeedFree) { // Shortcut by Allocator's trait
+                Map** map = &GetMap(members);
+                Allocator::Free(*map);
+                Allocator::Free(map);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#else // !RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* DoAllocMembers(SizeType capacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return Malloc<Member>(allocator, capacity);
+    }
+
+    void DoReserveMembers(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator& allocator) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        if (newCapacity > o.capacity) {
+            Member* newMembers = Realloc<Member>(allocator, GetMembersPointer(), o.capacity, newCapacity);
+            RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Member, o.members, newMembers);
+            o.capacity = newCapacity;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    MemberIterator DoFindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator member = MemberBegin();
+        for ( ; member != MemberEnd(); ++member)
+            if (name.StringEqual(member->name))
+                break;
+        return member;
+    }
+
+    void DoClearMembers() {
+        for (MemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m)
+            m->~Member();
+        data_.o.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    void DoFreeMembers() {
+        for (MemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m)
+            m->~Member();
+        Allocator::Free(GetMembersPointer());
+    }
+
+#endif // !RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+
+    void DoAddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        if (o.size >= o.capacity)
+            DoReserveMembers(o.capacity ? (o.capacity + (o.capacity + 1) / 2) : kDefaultObjectCapacity, allocator);
+        Member* members = GetMembersPointer();
+        Member* m = members + o.size;
+        m->name.RawAssign(name);
+        m->value.RawAssign(value);
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        Map* &map = GetMap(members);
+        MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+        new (&mit[o.size]) MapIterator(map->insert(MapPair(m->name.data_, o.size)));
+#endif
+        ++o.size;
+    }
+
+    MemberIterator DoRemoveMember(MemberIterator m) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        Member* members = GetMembersPointer();
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        Map* &map = GetMap(members);
+        MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+        SizeType mpos = static_cast<SizeType>(&*m - members);
+        map->erase(DropMapIterator(mit[mpos]));
+#endif
+        MemberIterator last(members + (o.size - 1));
+        if (o.size > 1 && m != last) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+            new (&mit[mpos]) MapIterator(DropMapIterator(mit[&*last - members]));
+            mit[mpos]->second = mpos;
+#endif
+            *m = *last; // Move the last one to this place
+        }
+        else {
+            m->~Member(); // Only one left, just destroy
+        }
+        --o.size;
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    MemberIterator DoEraseMembers(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) {
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        MemberIterator beg = MemberBegin(),
+                       pos = beg + (first - beg),
+                       end = MemberEnd();
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        Map* &map = GetMap(GetMembersPointer());
+        MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+#endif
+        for (MemberIterator itr = pos; itr != last; ++itr) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+            map->erase(DropMapIterator(mit[itr - beg]));
+#endif
+            itr->~Member();
+        }
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        if (first != last) {
+            // Move remaining members/iterators
+            MemberIterator next = pos + (last - first);
+            for (MemberIterator itr = pos; next != end; ++itr, ++next) {
+                std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(&*itr), &*next, sizeof(Member));
+                SizeType mpos = static_cast<SizeType>(itr - beg);
+                new (&mit[mpos]) MapIterator(DropMapIterator(mit[next - beg]));
+                mit[mpos]->second = mpos;
+            }
+        }
+#else
+        std::memmove(static_cast<void*>(&*pos), &*last,
+                     static_cast<size_t>(end - last) * sizeof(Member));
+#endif
+        o.size -= static_cast<SizeType>(last - first);
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    void DoCopyMembers(const GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator, bool copyConstStrings) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(rhs.GetType() == kObjectType);
+
+        data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+        SizeType count = rhs.data_.o.size;
+        Member* lm = DoAllocMembers(count, allocator);
+        const typename GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>::Member* rm = rhs.GetMembersPointer();
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+        Map* &map = GetMap(lm);
+        MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+#endif
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            new (&lm[i].name) GenericValue(rm[i].name, allocator, copyConstStrings);
+            new (&lm[i].value) GenericValue(rm[i].value, allocator, copyConstStrings);
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+            new (&mit[i]) MapIterator(map->insert(MapPair(lm[i].name.data_, i)));
+#endif
+        }
+        data_.o.size = data_.o.capacity = count;
+        SetMembersPointer(lm);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize this value as array with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetArrayRaw(GenericValue* values, SizeType count, Allocator& allocator) {
+        data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+        if (count) {
+            GenericValue* e = static_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Malloc(count * sizeof(GenericValue)));
+            SetElementsPointer(e);
+            std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(e), values, count * sizeof(GenericValue));
+        }
+        else
+            SetElementsPointer(0);
+        data_.a.size = data_.a.capacity = count;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as object with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetObjectRaw(Member* members, SizeType count, Allocator& allocator) {
+        data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+        if (count) {
+            Member* m = DoAllocMembers(count, allocator);
+            SetMembersPointer(m);
+            std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(m), members, count * sizeof(Member));
+#if RAPIDJSON_USE_MEMBERSMAP
+            Map* &map = GetMap(m);
+            MapIterator* mit = GetMapIterators(map);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                new (&mit[i]) MapIterator(map->insert(MapPair(m[i].name.data_, i)));
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+        else
+            SetMembersPointer(0);
+        data_.o.size = data_.o.capacity = count;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as constant string, without calling destructor.
+    void SetStringRaw(StringRefType s) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        data_.f.flags = kConstStringFlag;
+        SetStringPointer(s);
+        data_.s.length = s.length;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as copy string with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetStringRaw(StringRefType s, Allocator& allocator) {
+        Ch* str = 0;
+        if (ShortString::Usable(s.length)) {
+            data_.f.flags = kShortStringFlag;
+            data_.ss.SetLength(s.length);
+            str = data_.ss.str;
+        } else {
+            data_.f.flags = kCopyStringFlag;
+            data_.s.length = s.length;
+            str = static_cast<Ch *>(allocator.Malloc((s.length + 1) * sizeof(Ch)));
+            SetStringPointer(str);
+        }
+        std::memcpy(str, s, s.length * sizeof(Ch));
+        str[s.length] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment without calling destructor
+    void RawAssign(GenericValue& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        data_ = rhs.data_;
+        // data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+        rhs.data_.f.flags = kNullFlag;
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool StringEqual(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(rhs.IsString());
+
+        const SizeType len1 = GetStringLength();
+        const SizeType len2 = rhs.GetStringLength();
+        if(len1 != len2) { return false; }
+
+        const Ch* const str1 = GetString();
+        const Ch* const str2 = rhs.GetString();
+        if(str1 == str2) { return true; } // fast path for constant string
+
+        return (std::memcmp(str1, str2, sizeof(Ch) * len1) == 0);
+    }
+
+    Data data_;
+};
+
+//! GenericValue with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericValue<UTF8<> > Value;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericDocument 
+
+//! A document for parsing JSON text as DOM.
+/*!
+    \note implements Handler concept
+    \tparam Encoding Encoding for both parsing and string storage.
+    \tparam Allocator Allocator for allocating memory for the DOM
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator for allocating memory for stack during parsing.
+    \warning Although GenericDocument inherits from GenericValue, the API does \b not provide any virtual functions, especially no virtual destructor.  To avoid memory leaks, do not \c delete a GenericDocument object via a pointer to a GenericValue.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR, typename StackAllocator = RAPIDJSON_DEFAULT_STACK_ALLOCATOR >
+class GenericDocument : public GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;                       //!< Character type derived from Encoding.
+    typedef GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> ValueType;    //!< Value type of the document.
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;                        //!< Allocator type from template parameter.
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! Creates an empty document of specified type.
+        \param type             Mandatory type of object to create.
+        \param allocator        Optional allocator for allocating memory.
+        \param stackCapacity    Optional initial capacity of stack in bytes.
+        \param stackAllocator   Optional allocator for allocating memory for stack.
+    */
+    explicit GenericDocument(Type type, Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0) :
+        GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator>(type),  allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_()
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! Creates an empty document which type is Null. 
+        \param allocator        Optional allocator for allocating memory.
+        \param stackCapacity    Optional initial capacity of stack in bytes.
+        \param stackAllocator   Optional allocator for allocating memory for stack.
+    */
+    GenericDocument(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0) : 
+        allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_()
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericDocument(GenericDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : ValueType(std::forward<ValueType>(rhs)), // explicit cast to avoid prohibited move from Document
+          allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+          ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+          stack_(std::move(rhs.stack_)),
+          parseResult_(rhs.parseResult_)
+    {
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.parseResult_ = ParseResult();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ~GenericDocument() {
+        // Clear the ::ValueType before ownAllocator is destroyed, ~ValueType()
+        // runs last and may access its elements or members which would be freed
+        // with an allocator like MemoryPoolAllocator (CrtAllocator does not
+        // free its data when destroyed, but MemoryPoolAllocator does).
+        if (ownAllocator_) {
+            ValueType::SetNull();
+        }
+        Destroy();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericDocument& operator=(GenericDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        // The cast to ValueType is necessary here, because otherwise it would
+        // attempt to call GenericValue's templated assignment operator.
+        ValueType::operator=(std::forward<ValueType>(rhs));
+
+        // Calling the destructor here would prematurely call stack_'s destructor
+        Destroy();
+
+        allocator_ = rhs.allocator_;
+        ownAllocator_ = rhs.ownAllocator_;
+        stack_ = std::move(rhs.stack_);
+        parseResult_ = rhs.parseResult_;
+
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.parseResult_ = ParseResult();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Exchange the contents of this document with those of another.
+    /*!
+        \param rhs Another document.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+        \see GenericValue::Swap
+    */
+    GenericDocument& Swap(GenericDocument& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        ValueType::Swap(rhs);
+        stack_.Swap(rhs.stack_);
+        internal::Swap(allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        internal::Swap(ownAllocator_, rhs.ownAllocator_);
+        internal::Swap(parseResult_, rhs.parseResult_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Allow Swap with ValueType.
+    // Refer to Effective C++ 3rd Edition/Item 33: Avoid hiding inherited names.
+    using ValueType::Swap;
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.doc, b.doc);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericDocument& a, GenericDocument& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //! Populate this document by a generator which produces SAX events.
+    /*! \tparam Generator A functor with <tt>bool f(Handler)</tt> prototype.
+        \param g Generator functor which sends SAX events to the parameter.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <typename Generator>
+    GenericDocument& Populate(Generator& g) {
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        if (g(*this)) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(ValueType)); // Got one and only one root object
+            ValueType::operator=(*stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1));// Move value from stack to document
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //!@name Parse from stream
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream (with Encoding conversion)
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of input stream
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding, typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        GenericReader<SourceEncoding, Encoding, StackAllocator> reader(
+            stack_.HasAllocator() ? &stack_.GetAllocator() : 0);
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        parseResult_ = reader.template Parse<parseFlags>(is, *this);
+        if (parseResult_) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(ValueType)); // Got one and only one root object
+            ValueType::operator=(*stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1));// Move value from stack to document
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags, Encoding, InputStream>(is);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        return ParseStream<kParseDefaultFlags, Encoding, InputStream>(is);
+    }
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Parse in-place from mutable string
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a mutable string
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \param str Mutable zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& ParseInsitu(Ch* str) {
+        GenericInsituStringStream<Encoding> s(str);
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags | kParseInsituFlag>(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a mutable string (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \param str Mutable zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    GenericDocument& ParseInsitu(Ch* str) {
+        return ParseInsitu<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Parse from read-only string
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string (with Encoding conversion)
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag (must not contain \ref kParseInsituFlag).
+        \tparam SourceEncoding Transcoding from input Encoding
+        \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const typename SourceEncoding::Ch* str) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!(parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag));
+        GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding> s(str);
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag (must not contain \ref kParseInsituFlag).
+        \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const typename SourceEncoding::Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!(parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag));
+        MemoryStream ms(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str), length * sizeof(typename SourceEncoding::Ch));
+        EncodedInputStream<SourceEncoding, MemoryStream> is(ms);
+        ParseStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(is);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str, length);
+    }
+    
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str, length);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<typename SourceEncoding::Ch>& str) {
+        // c_str() is constant complexity according to standard. Should be faster than Parse(const char*, size_t)
+        return Parse<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(str.c_str());
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str.c_str());
+    }
+
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING    
+
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Handling parse errors
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Whether a parse error has occurred in the last parsing.
+    bool HasParseError() const { return parseResult_.IsError(); }
+
+    //! Get the \ref ParseErrorCode of last parsing.
+    ParseErrorCode GetParseError() const { return parseResult_.Code(); }
+
+    //! Get the position of last parsing error in input, 0 otherwise.
+    size_t GetErrorOffset() const { return parseResult_.Offset(); }
+
+    //! Implicit conversion to get the last parse result
+#ifndef __clang // -Wdocumentation
+    /*! \return \ref ParseResult of the last parse operation
+
+        \code
+          Document doc;
+          ParseResult ok = doc.Parse(json);
+          if (!ok)
+            printf( "JSON parse error: %s (%u)\n", GetParseError_En(ok.Code()), ok.Offset());
+        \endcode
+     */
+#endif
+    operator ParseResult() const { return parseResult_; }
+    //!@}
+
+    //! Get the allocator of this document.
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(allocator_);
+        return *allocator_;
+    }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of stack in bytes.
+    size_t GetStackCapacity() const { return stack_.GetCapacity(); }
+
+private:
+    // clear stack on any exit from ParseStream, e.g. due to exception
+    struct ClearStackOnExit {
+        explicit ClearStackOnExit(GenericDocument& d) : d_(d) {}
+        ~ClearStackOnExit() { d_.ClearStack(); }
+    private:
+        ClearStackOnExit(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        ClearStackOnExit& operator=(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        GenericDocument& d_;
+    };
+
+    // callers of the following private Handler functions
+    // template <typename,typename,typename> friend class GenericReader; // for parsing
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericValue; // for deep copying
+
+public:
+    // Implementation of Handler
+    bool Null() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(); return true; }
+    bool Bool(bool b) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(b); return true; }
+    bool Int(int i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Uint(unsigned i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Double(double d) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(d); return true; }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { 
+        if (copy) 
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length, GetAllocator());
+        else
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { 
+        if (copy) 
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length, GetAllocator());
+        else
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(kObjectType); return true; }
+    
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) {
+        typename ValueType::Member* members = stack_.template Pop<typename ValueType::Member>(memberCount);
+        stack_.template Top<ValueType>()->SetObjectRaw(members, memberCount, GetAllocator());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(kArrayType); return true; }
+    
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) {
+        ValueType* elements = stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(elementCount);
+        stack_.template Top<ValueType>()->SetArrayRaw(elements, elementCount, GetAllocator());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Prohibit copying
+    GenericDocument(const GenericDocument&);
+    //! Prohibit assignment
+    GenericDocument& operator=(const GenericDocument&);
+
+    void ClearStack() {
+        if (Allocator::kNeedFree)
+            while (stack_.GetSize() > 0)    // Here assumes all elements in stack array are GenericValue (Member is actually 2 GenericValue objects)
+                (stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1))->~ValueType();
+        else
+            stack_.Clear();
+        stack_.ShrinkToFit();
+    }
+
+    void Destroy() {
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultStackCapacity = 1024;
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> stack_;
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+};
+
+//! GenericDocument with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericDocument<UTF8<> > Document;
+
+
+//! Helper class for accessing Value of array type.
+/*!
+    Instance of this helper class is obtained by \c GenericValue::GetArray().
+    In addition to all APIs for array type, it provides range-based for loop if \c RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR=1.
+*/
+template <bool Const, typename ValueT>
+class GenericArray {
+public:
+    typedef GenericArray<true, ValueT> ConstArray;
+    typedef GenericArray<false, ValueT> Array;
+    typedef ValueT PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef ValueType* ValueIterator;  // This may be const or non-const iterator
+    typedef const ValueT* ConstValueIterator;
+    typedef typename ValueType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::StringRefType StringRefType;
+
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericValue;
+
+    GenericArray(const GenericArray& rhs) : value_(rhs.value_) {}
+    GenericArray& operator=(const GenericArray& rhs) { value_ = rhs.value_; return *this; }
+    ~GenericArray() {}
+
+    operator ValueType&() const { return value_; }
+    SizeType Size() const { return value_.Size(); }
+    SizeType Capacity() const { return value_.Capacity(); }
+    bool Empty() const { return value_.Empty(); }
+    void Clear() const { value_.Clear(); }
+    ValueType& operator[](SizeType index) const {  return value_[index]; }
+    ValueIterator Begin() const { return value_.Begin(); }
+    ValueIterator End() const { return value_.End(); }
+    GenericArray Reserve(SizeType newCapacity, AllocatorType &allocator) const { value_.Reserve(newCapacity, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericArray PushBack(ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericArray PushBack(ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericArray PushBack(StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (const GenericArray&)) PushBack(T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericArray PopBack() const { value_.PopBack(); return *this; }
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos) const { return value_.Erase(pos); }
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last) const { return value_.Erase(first, last); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+    ValueIterator begin() const { return value_.Begin(); }
+    ValueIterator end() const { return value_.End(); }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    GenericArray();
+    GenericArray(ValueType& value) : value_(value) {}
+    ValueType& value_;
+};
+
+//! Helper class for accessing Value of object type.
+/*!
+    Instance of this helper class is obtained by \c GenericValue::GetObject().
+    In addition to all APIs for array type, it provides range-based for loop if \c RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR=1.
+*/
+template <bool Const, typename ValueT>
+class GenericObject {
+public:
+    typedef GenericObject<true, ValueT> ConstObject;
+    typedef GenericObject<false, ValueT> Object;
+    typedef ValueT PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<Const, typename ValueT::EncodingType, typename ValueT::AllocatorType> MemberIterator;  // This may be const or non-const iterator
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<true, typename ValueT::EncodingType, typename ValueT::AllocatorType> ConstMemberIterator;
+    typedef typename ValueType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::StringRefType StringRefType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericValue;
+
+    GenericObject(const GenericObject& rhs) : value_(rhs.value_) {}
+    GenericObject& operator=(const GenericObject& rhs) { value_ = rhs.value_; return *this; }
+    ~GenericObject() {}
+
+    operator ValueType&() const { return value_; }
+    SizeType MemberCount() const { return value_.MemberCount(); }
+    SizeType MemberCapacity() const { return value_.MemberCapacity(); }
+    bool ObjectEmpty() const { return value_.ObjectEmpty(); }
+    template <typename T> ValueType& operator[](T* name) const { return value_[name]; }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> ValueType& operator[](const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_[name]; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    ValueType& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_[name]; }
+#endif
+    MemberIterator MemberBegin() const { return value_.MemberBegin(); }
+    MemberIterator MemberEnd() const { return value_.MemberEnd(); }
+    GenericObject MemberReserve(SizeType newCapacity, AllocatorType &allocator) const { value_.MemberReserve(newCapacity, allocator); return *this; }
+    bool HasMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool HasMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool HasMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> MemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+#endif
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, std::basic_string<Ch>& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&)) AddMember(ValueType& name, T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType&& name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType&& name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericObject)) AddMember(StringRefType name, T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    void RemoveAllMembers() { value_.RemoveAllMembers(); }
+    bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool RemoveMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool RemoveMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+    MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator m) const { return value_.RemoveMember(m); }
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator pos) const { return value_.EraseMember(pos); }
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) const { return value_.EraseMember(first, last); }
+    bool EraseMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.EraseMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool EraseMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return EraseMember(ValueType(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool EraseMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.EraseMember(name); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+    MemberIterator begin() const { return value_.MemberBegin(); }
+    MemberIterator end() const { return value_.MemberEnd(); }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    GenericObject();
+    GenericObject(ValueType& value) : value_(value) {}
+    ValueType& value_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_WINDOWS_GETOBJECT_WORKAROUND_APPLIED
+#pragma pop_macro("GetObject")
+#undef RAPIDJSON_WINDOWS_GETOBJECT_WORKAROUND_APPLIED
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/encodedstream.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENCODEDSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODEDSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "memorystream.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Input byte stream wrapper with a statically bound encoding.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding The interpretation of encoding of the stream. Either UTF8, UTF16LE, UTF16BE, UTF32LE, UTF32BE.
+    \tparam InputByteStream Type of input byte stream. For example, FileReadStream.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename InputByteStream>
+class EncodedInputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedInputStream(InputByteStream& is) : is_(is) { 
+        current_ = Encoding::TakeBOM(is_);
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = current_; current_ = Encoding::Take(is_); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_.Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    EncodedInputStream(const EncodedInputStream&);
+    EncodedInputStream& operator=(const EncodedInputStream&);
+
+    InputByteStream& is_;
+    Ch current_;
+};
+
+//! Specialized for UTF8 MemoryStream.
+template <>
+class EncodedInputStream<UTF8<>, MemoryStream> {
+public:
+    typedef UTF8<>::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedInputStream(MemoryStream& is) : is_(is) {
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xEFu) is_.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xBBu) is_.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xBFu) is_.Take();
+    }
+    Ch Peek() const { return is_.Peek(); }
+    Ch Take() { return is_.Take(); }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_.Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) {}
+    void Flush() {} 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { return 0; }
+
+    MemoryStream& is_;
+
+private:
+    EncodedInputStream(const EncodedInputStream&);
+    EncodedInputStream& operator=(const EncodedInputStream&);
+};
+
+//! Output byte stream wrapper with statically bound encoding.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding The interpretation of encoding of the stream. Either UTF8, UTF16LE, UTF16BE, UTF32LE, UTF32BE.
+    \tparam OutputByteStream Type of input byte stream. For example, FileWriteStream.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename OutputByteStream>
+class EncodedOutputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedOutputStream(OutputByteStream& os, bool putBOM = true) : os_(os) { 
+        if (putBOM)
+            Encoding::PutBOM(os_);
+    }
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { Encoding::Put(os_, c);  }
+    void Flush() { os_.Flush(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    Ch Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    Ch Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);  return 0; }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    EncodedOutputStream(const EncodedOutputStream&);
+    EncodedOutputStream& operator=(const EncodedOutputStream&);
+
+    OutputByteStream& os_;
+};
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(x) UTF8<Ch>::x, UTF16LE<Ch>::x, UTF16BE<Ch>::x, UTF32LE<Ch>::x, UTF32BE<Ch>::x
+
+//! Input stream wrapper with dynamically bound encoding and automatic encoding detection.
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType Type of character for reading.
+    \tparam InputByteStream type of input byte stream to be wrapped.
+*/
+template <typename CharType, typename InputByteStream>
+class AutoUTFInputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param is input stream to be wrapped.
+        \param type UTF encoding type if it is not detected from the stream.
+    */
+    AutoUTFInputStream(InputByteStream& is, UTFType type = kUTF8) : is_(&is), type_(type), hasBOM_(false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type >= kUTF8 && type <= kUTF32BE);        
+        DetectType();
+        static const TakeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Take) };
+        takeFunc_ = f[type_];
+        current_ = takeFunc_(*is_);
+    }
+
+    UTFType GetType() const { return type_; }
+    bool HasBOM() const { return hasBOM_; }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = current_; current_ = takeFunc_(*is_); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_->Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    AutoUTFInputStream(const AutoUTFInputStream&);
+    AutoUTFInputStream& operator=(const AutoUTFInputStream&);
+
+    // Detect encoding type with BOM or RFC 4627
+    void DetectType() {
+        // BOM (Byte Order Mark):
+        // 00 00 FE FF  UTF-32BE
+        // FF FE 00 00  UTF-32LE
+        // FE FF        UTF-16BE
+        // FF FE        UTF-16LE
+        // EF BB BF     UTF-8
+
+        const unsigned char* c = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(is_->Peek4());
+        if (!c)
+            return;
+
+        unsigned bom = static_cast<unsigned>(c[0] | (c[1] << 8) | (c[2] << 16) | (c[3] << 24));
+        hasBOM_ = false;
+        if (bom == 0xFFFE0000)                  { type_ = kUTF32BE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); }
+        else if (bom == 0x0000FEFF)             { type_ = kUTF32LE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFF) == 0xFFFE)      { type_ = kUTF16BE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take();                           }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFF) == 0xFEFF)      { type_ = kUTF16LE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take();                           }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFFFF) == 0xBFBBEF)  { type_ = kUTF8;    hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take();              }
+
+        // RFC 4627: Section 3
+        // "Since the first two characters of a JSON text will always be ASCII
+        // characters [RFC0020], it is possible to determine whether an octet
+        // stream is UTF-8, UTF-16 (BE or LE), or UTF-32 (BE or LE) by looking
+        // at the pattern of nulls in the first four octets."
+        // 00 00 00 xx  UTF-32BE
+        // 00 xx 00 xx  UTF-16BE
+        // xx 00 00 00  UTF-32LE
+        // xx 00 xx 00  UTF-16LE
+        // xx xx xx xx  UTF-8
+
+        if (!hasBOM_) {
+            int pattern = (c[0] ? 1 : 0) | (c[1] ? 2 : 0) | (c[2] ? 4 : 0) | (c[3] ? 8 : 0);
+            switch (pattern) {
+            case 0x08: type_ = kUTF32BE; break;
+            case 0x0A: type_ = kUTF16BE; break;
+            case 0x01: type_ = kUTF32LE; break;
+            case 0x05: type_ = kUTF16LE; break;
+            case 0x0F: type_ = kUTF8;    break;
+            default: break; // Use type defined by user.
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Runtime check whether the size of character type is sufficient. It only perform checks with assertion.
+        if (type_ == kUTF16LE || type_ == kUTF16BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+        if (type_ == kUTF32LE || type_ == kUTF32BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+    }
+
+    typedef Ch (*TakeFunc)(InputByteStream& is);
+    InputByteStream* is_;
+    UTFType type_;
+    Ch current_;
+    TakeFunc takeFunc_;
+    bool hasBOM_;
+};
+
+//! Output stream wrapper with dynamically bound encoding and automatic encoding detection.
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType Type of character for writing.
+    \tparam OutputByteStream type of output byte stream to be wrapped.
+*/
+template <typename CharType, typename OutputByteStream>
+class AutoUTFOutputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param os output stream to be wrapped.
+        \param type UTF encoding type.
+        \param putBOM Whether to write BOM at the beginning of the stream.
+    */
+    AutoUTFOutputStream(OutputByteStream& os, UTFType type, bool putBOM) : os_(&os), type_(type) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type >= kUTF8 && type <= kUTF32BE);
+
+        // Runtime check whether the size of character type is sufficient. It only perform checks with assertion.
+        if (type_ == kUTF16LE || type_ == kUTF16BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+        if (type_ == kUTF32LE || type_ == kUTF32BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+
+        static const PutFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Put) };
+        putFunc_ = f[type_];
+
+        if (putBOM)
+            PutBOM();
+    }
+
+    UTFType GetType() const { return type_; }
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { putFunc_(*os_, c); }
+    void Flush() { os_->Flush(); } 
+
+    // Not implemented
+    Ch Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    Ch Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    AutoUTFOutputStream(const AutoUTFOutputStream&);
+    AutoUTFOutputStream& operator=(const AutoUTFOutputStream&);
+
+    void PutBOM() { 
+        typedef void (*PutBOMFunc)(OutputByteStream&);
+        static const PutBOMFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(PutBOM) };
+        f[type_](*os_);
+    }
+
+    typedef void (*PutFunc)(OutputByteStream&, Ch);
+
+    OutputByteStream* os_;
+    UTFType type_;
+    PutFunc putFunc_;
+};
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/encodings.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4244) // conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(overflow)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Encoding
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Encoding
+    \brief Concept for encoding of Unicode characters.
+
+\code
+concept Encoding {
+    typename Ch;    //! Type of character. A "character" is actually a code unit in unicode's definition.
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 }; // or 0 if not supporting unicode
+
+    //! \brief Encode a Unicode codepoint to an output stream.
+    //! \param os Output stream.
+    //! \param codepoint An unicode codepoint, ranging from 0x0 to 0x10FFFF inclusively.
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint);
+
+    //! \brief Decode a Unicode codepoint from an input stream.
+    //! \param is Input stream.
+    //! \param codepoint Output of the unicode codepoint.
+    //! \return true if a valid codepoint can be decoded from the stream.
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint);
+
+    //! \brief Validate one Unicode codepoint from an encoded stream.
+    //! \param is Input stream to obtain codepoint.
+    //! \param os Output for copying one codepoint.
+    //! \return true if it is valid.
+    //! \note This function just validating and copying the codepoint without actually decode it.
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os);
+
+    // The following functions are deal with byte streams.
+
+    //! Take a character from input byte stream, skip BOM if exist.
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is);
+
+    //! Take a character from input byte stream.
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is);
+
+    //! Put BOM to output byte stream.
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os);
+
+    //! Put a character to output byte stream.
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF8
+
+//! UTF-8 encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629
+    \tparam CharType Code unit for storing 8-bit UTF-8 data. Default is char.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+*/
+template<typename CharType = char>
+struct UTF8 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7F) 
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+        else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF) {
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F))));
+        }
+        else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7F) 
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+        else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF) {
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F))));
+        }
+        else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+#define RAPIDJSON_COPY() c = is.Take(); *codepoint = (*codepoint << 6) | (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0x3Fu)
+#define RAPIDJSON_TRANS(mask) result &= ((GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) & mask) != 0)
+#define RAPIDJSON_TAIL() RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x70)
+        typename InputStream::Ch c = is.Take();
+        if (!(c & 0x80)) {
+            *codepoint = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        unsigned char type = GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c));
+        if (type >= 32) {
+            *codepoint = 0;
+        } else {
+            *codepoint = (0xFFu >> type) & static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+        }
+        bool result = true;
+        switch (type) {
+        case 2: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 3: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 4: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x50); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 5: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x10); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 6: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 10: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x20); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 11: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x60); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+#undef RAPIDJSON_COPY
+#undef RAPIDJSON_TRANS
+#undef RAPIDJSON_TAIL
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+#define RAPIDJSON_COPY() os.Put(c = is.Take())
+#define RAPIDJSON_TRANS(mask) result &= ((GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) & mask) != 0)
+#define RAPIDJSON_TAIL() RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x70)
+        Ch c;
+        RAPIDJSON_COPY();
+        if (!(c & 0x80))
+            return true;
+
+        bool result = true;
+        switch (GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+        case 2: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 3: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 4: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x50); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 5: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x10); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 6: RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 10: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x20); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        case 11: RAPIDJSON_COPY(); RAPIDJSON_TRANS(0x60); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); RAPIDJSON_TAIL(); return result;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+#undef RAPIDJSON_COPY
+#undef RAPIDJSON_TRANS
+#undef RAPIDJSON_TAIL
+    }
+
+    static unsigned char GetRange(unsigned char c) {
+        // Referring to DFA of http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/utf-8/decoder/dfa/
+        // With new mapping 1 -> 0x10, 7 -> 0x20, 9 -> 0x40, such that AND operation can test multiple types.
+        static const unsigned char type[] = {
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,
+            0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,
+            0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+            0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+            8,8,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,  2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
+            10,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,3,3, 11,6,6,6,5,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+        };
+        return type[c];
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        typename InputByteStream::Ch c = Take(is);
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xEFu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xBBu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xBFu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        return static_cast<Ch>(is.Take());
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xEFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xBBu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xBFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF16
+
+//! UTF-16 encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2781
+    \tparam CharType Type for storing 16-bit UTF-16 data. Default is wchar_t. C++11 may use char16_t instead.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+
+    \note For in-memory access, no need to concern endianness. The code units and code points are represented by CPU's endianness.
+    For streaming, use UTF16LE and UTF16BE, which handle endianness.
+*/
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint < 0xD800 || codepoint > 0xDFFF); // Code point itself cannot be surrogate pair 
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(codepoint));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            unsigned v = codepoint - 0x10000;
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v >> 10) | 0xD800));
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v & 0x3FF) | 0xDC00));
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint < 0xD800 || codepoint > 0xDFFF); // Code point itself cannot be surrogate pair 
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(codepoint));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            unsigned v = codepoint - 0x10000;
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v >> 10) | 0xD800));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v & 0x3FF) | 0xDC00));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        typename InputStream::Ch c = is.Take();
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF) {
+            *codepoint = static_cast<unsigned>(c);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (c <= 0xDBFF) {
+            *codepoint = (static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0x3FF) << 10;
+            c = is.Take();
+            *codepoint |= (static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0x3FF);
+            *codepoint += 0x10000;
+            return c >= 0xDC00 && c <= 0xDFFF;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        typename InputStream::Ch c;
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(c = is.Take()));
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF)
+            return true;
+        else if (c <= 0xDBFF) {
+            os.Put(c = is.Take());
+            return c >= 0xDC00 && c <= 0xDFFF;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-16 little endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16LE : UTF16<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(c) == 0xFEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((static_cast<unsigned>(c) >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-16 big endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16BE : UTF16<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(c) == 0xFEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take()));
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((static_cast<unsigned>(c) >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF32
+
+//! UTF-32 encoding. 
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32
+    \tparam CharType Type for storing 32-bit UTF-32 data. Default is unsigned. C++11 may use char32_t instead.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+
+    \note For in-memory access, no need to concern endianness. The code units and code points are represented by CPU's endianness.
+    For streaming, use UTF32LE and UTF32BE, which handle endianness.
+*/
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+        os.Put(codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+        PutUnsafe(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        Ch c = is.Take();
+        *codepoint = c;
+        return c <= 0x10FFFF;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        Ch c;
+        os.Put(c = is.Take());
+        return c <= 0x10FFFF;
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-32 little endian enocoding.
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32LE : UTF32<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(c) == 0x0000FEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 16;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 24;
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 16) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 24) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-32 big endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32BE : UTF32<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(c) == 0x0000FEFFu ? Take(is) : c; 
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 24;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 16;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take()));
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 24) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 16) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ASCII
+
+//! ASCII encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
+    \tparam CharType Code unit for storing 7-bit ASCII data. Default is char.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+*/
+template<typename CharType = char>
+struct ASCII {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 0 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x7F);
+        os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x7F);
+        PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        *codepoint = c;
+        return c <= 0X7F;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(c));
+        return c <= 0x7F;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(Take(is));
+        return static_cast<Ch>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        return static_cast<Ch>(is.Take());
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        (void)os;
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AutoUTF
+
+//! Runtime-specified UTF encoding type of a stream.
+enum UTFType {
+    kUTF8 = 0,      //!< UTF-8.
+    kUTF16LE = 1,   //!< UTF-16 little endian.
+    kUTF16BE = 2,   //!< UTF-16 big endian.
+    kUTF32LE = 3,   //!< UTF-32 little endian.
+    kUTF32BE = 4    //!< UTF-32 big endian.
+};
+
+//! Dynamically select encoding according to stream's runtime-specified UTF encoding type.
+/*! \note This class can be used with AutoUTFInputtStream and AutoUTFOutputStream, which provides GetType().
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct AutoUTF {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(x) UTF8<Ch>::x, UTF16LE<Ch>::x, UTF16BE<Ch>::x, UTF32LE<Ch>::x, UTF32BE<Ch>::x
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        typedef void (*EncodeFunc)(OutputStream&, unsigned);
+        static const EncodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Encode) };
+        (*f[os.GetType()])(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        typedef void (*EncodeFunc)(OutputStream&, unsigned);
+        static const EncodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(EncodeUnsafe) };
+        (*f[os.GetType()])(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        typedef bool (*DecodeFunc)(InputStream&, unsigned*);
+        static const DecodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Decode) };
+        return (*f[is.GetType()])(is, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        typedef bool (*ValidateFunc)(InputStream&, OutputStream&);
+        static const ValidateFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Validate) };
+        return (*f[is.GetType()])(is, os);
+    }
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Transcoder
+
+//! Encoding conversion.
+template<typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding>
+struct Transcoder {
+    //! Take one Unicode codepoint from source encoding, convert it to target encoding and put it to the output stream.
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Transcode(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        TargetEncoding::Encode(os, codepoint);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool TranscodeUnsafe(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        TargetEncoding::EncodeUnsafe(os, codepoint);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Validate one Unicode codepoint from an encoded stream.
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        return Transcode(is, os);   // Since source/target encoding is different, must transcode.
+    }
+};
+
+// Forward declaration.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutUnsafe(Stream& stream, typename Stream::Ch c);
+
+//! Specialization of Transcoder with same source and target encoding.
+template<typename Encoding>
+struct Transcoder<Encoding, Encoding> {
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Transcode(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        os.Put(is.Take());  // Just copy one code unit. This semantic is different from primary template class.
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool TranscodeUnsafe(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        PutUnsafe(os, is.Take());  // Just copy one code unit. This semantic is different from primary template class.
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        return Encoding::Validate(is, os);  // source/target encoding are the same
+    }
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__))
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/error/en.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
+
+#include "error.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(covered-switch-default)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Maps error code of parsing into error message.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \param parseErrorCode Error code obtained in parsing.
+    \return the error message.
+    \note User can make a copy of this function for localization.
+        Using switch-case is safer for future modification of error codes.
+*/
+inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetParseError_En(ParseErrorCode parseErrorCode) {
+    switch (parseErrorCode) {
+        case kParseErrorNone:                           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
+
+        case kParseErrorDocumentEmpty:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document is empty.");
+        case kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document root must not be followed by other values.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorValueInvalid:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid value.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissName:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a name for object member.");
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissColon:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a colon after a name of object member.");
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a comma or '}' after an object member.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a comma or ']' after an array element.");
+
+        case kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Incorrect hex digit after \\u escape in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The surrogate pair in string is invalid.");
+        case kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid:            return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid escape character in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a closing quotation mark in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding:          return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid encoding in string.");
+
+        case kParseErrorNumberTooBig:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number too big to be stored in double.");
+        case kParseErrorNumberMissFraction:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Miss fraction part in number.");
+        case kParseErrorNumberMissExponent:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Miss exponent in number.");
+
+        case kParseErrorTermination:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Terminate parsing due to Handler error.");
+        case kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError:          return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unspecific syntax error.");
+
+        default:                                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unknown error.");
+    }
+}
+
+//! Maps error code of validation into error message.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \param validateErrorCode Error code obtained from validator.
+    \return the error message.
+    \note User can make a copy of this function for localization.
+        Using switch-case is safer for future modification of error codes.
+*/
+inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetValidateError_En(ValidateErrorCode validateErrorCode) {
+    switch (validateErrorCode) {
+        case kValidateErrors:                           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("One or more validation errors have occurred");
+        case kValidateErrorNone:                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorMultipleOf:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is not a multiple of the 'multipleOf' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMaximum:                     return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is greater than the 'maximum' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum:            return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is greater than or equal to the 'exclusiveMaximum' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMinimum:                     return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is less than the 'minimum' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum:            return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number '%actual' is less than or equal to the 'exclusiveMinimum' value '%expected'.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorMaxLength:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("String '%actual' is longer than the 'maxLength' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMinLength:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("String '%actual' is shorter than the 'minLength' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorPattern:                     return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("String '%actual' does not match the 'pattern' regular expression.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorMaxItems:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Array of length '%actual' is longer than the 'maxItems' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMinItems:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Array of length '%actual' is shorter than the 'minItems' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorUniqueItems:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Array has duplicate items at indices '%duplicates' but 'uniqueItems' is true.");
+        case kValidateErrorAdditionalItems:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Array has an additional item at index '%disallowed' that is not allowed by the schema.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorMaxProperties:               return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has '%actual' members which is more than 'maxProperties' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorMinProperties:               return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has '%actual' members which is less than 'minProperties' value '%expected'.");
+        case kValidateErrorRequired:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object is missing the following members required by the schema: '%missing'.");
+        case kValidateErrorAdditionalProperties:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has an additional member '%disallowed' that is not allowed by the schema.");
+        case kValidateErrorPatternProperties:           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has 'patternProperties' that are not allowed by the schema.");
+        case kValidateErrorDependencies:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Object has missing property or schema dependencies, refer to following errors.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorEnum:                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property has a value that is not one of its allowed enumerated values.");
+        case kValidateErrorType:                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property has a type '%actual' that is not in the following list: '%expected'.");
+
+        case kValidateErrorOneOf:                       return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property did not match any of the sub-schemas specified by 'oneOf', refer to following errors.");
+        case kValidateErrorOneOfMatch:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property matched more than one of the sub-schemas specified by 'oneOf'.");
+        case kValidateErrorAllOf:                       return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property did not match all of the sub-schemas specified by 'allOf', refer to following errors.");
+        case kValidateErrorAnyOf:                       return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property did not match any of the sub-schemas specified by 'anyOf', refer to following errors.");
+        case kValidateErrorNot:                         return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Property matched the sub-schema specified by 'not'.");
+
+        default:                                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unknown error.");
+    }
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/error/error.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+/*! \file error.h */
+
+/*! \defgroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS RapidJSON error handling */
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE
+
+//! Character type of error messages.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    The default character type is \c char.
+    On Windows, user can define this macro as \c TCHAR for supporting both
+    unicode/non-unicode settings.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE char
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING
+
+//! Macro for converting string literial to \ref RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE[].
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    By default this conversion macro does nothing.
+    On Windows, user can define this macro as \c _T(x) for supporting both
+    unicode/non-unicode settings.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING(x) x
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ParseErrorCode
+
+//! Error code of parsing.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericReader::Parse, GenericReader::GetParseErrorCode
+*/
+enum ParseErrorCode {
+    kParseErrorNone = 0,                        //!< No error.
+
+    kParseErrorDocumentEmpty,                   //!< The document is empty.
+    kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular,         //!< The document root must not follow by other values.
+
+    kParseErrorValueInvalid,                    //!< Invalid value.
+
+    kParseErrorObjectMissName,                  //!< Missing a name for object member.
+    kParseErrorObjectMissColon,                 //!< Missing a colon after a name of object member.
+    kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket,   //!< Missing a comma or '}' after an object member.
+
+    kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket,   //!< Missing a comma or ']' after an array element.
+
+    kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex,   //!< Incorrect hex digit after \\u escape in string.
+    kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid,   //!< The surrogate pair in string is invalid.
+    kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid,             //!< Invalid escape character in string.
+    kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark,         //!< Missing a closing quotation mark in string.
+    kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding,           //!< Invalid encoding in string.
+
+    kParseErrorNumberTooBig,                    //!< Number too big to be stored in double.
+    kParseErrorNumberMissFraction,              //!< Miss fraction part in number.
+    kParseErrorNumberMissExponent,              //!< Miss exponent in number.
+
+    kParseErrorTermination,                     //!< Parsing was terminated.
+    kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError            //!< Unspecific syntax error.
+};
+
+//! Result of parsing (wraps ParseErrorCode)
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \code
+        Document doc;
+        ParseResult ok = doc.Parse("[42]");
+        if (!ok) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "JSON parse error: %s (%u)",
+                    GetParseError_En(ok.Code()), ok.Offset());
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    \endcode
+    \see GenericReader::Parse, GenericDocument::Parse
+*/
+struct ParseResult {
+    //!! Unspecified boolean type
+    typedef bool (ParseResult::*BooleanType)() const;
+public:
+    //! Default constructor, no error.
+    ParseResult() : code_(kParseErrorNone), offset_(0) {}
+    //! Constructor to set an error.
+    ParseResult(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset) : code_(code), offset_(offset) {}
+
+    //! Get the error code.
+    ParseErrorCode Code() const { return code_; }
+    //! Get the error offset, if \ref IsError(), 0 otherwise.
+    size_t Offset() const { return offset_; }
+
+    //! Explicit conversion to \c bool, returns \c true, iff !\ref IsError().
+    operator BooleanType() const { return !IsError() ? &ParseResult::IsError : NULL; }
+    //! Whether the result is an error.
+    bool IsError() const { return code_ != kParseErrorNone; }
+
+    bool operator==(const ParseResult& that) const { return code_ == that.code_; }
+    bool operator==(ParseErrorCode code) const { return code_ == code; }
+    friend bool operator==(ParseErrorCode code, const ParseResult & err) { return code == err.code_; }
+
+    bool operator!=(const ParseResult& that) const { return !(*this == that); }
+    bool operator!=(ParseErrorCode code) const { return !(*this == code); }
+    friend bool operator!=(ParseErrorCode code, const ParseResult & err) { return err != code; }
+
+    //! Reset error code.
+    void Clear() { Set(kParseErrorNone); }
+    //! Update error code and offset.
+    void Set(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset = 0) { code_ = code; offset_ = offset; }
+
+private:
+    ParseErrorCode code_;
+    size_t offset_;
+};
+
+//! Function pointer type of GetParseError().
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+
+    This is the prototype for \c GetParseError_X(), where \c X is a locale.
+    User can dynamically change locale in runtime, e.g.:
+\code
+    GetParseErrorFunc GetParseError = GetParseError_En; // or whatever
+    const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* s = GetParseError(document.GetParseErrorCode());
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* (*GetParseErrorFunc)(ParseErrorCode);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ValidateErrorCode
+
+//! Error codes when validating.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericSchemaValidator
+*/
+enum ValidateErrorCode {
+    kValidateErrors    = -1,                   //!< Top level error code when kValidateContinueOnErrorsFlag set.
+    kValidateErrorNone = 0,                    //!< No error.
+
+    kValidateErrorMultipleOf,                  //!< Number is not a multiple of the 'multipleOf' value.
+    kValidateErrorMaximum,                     //!< Number is greater than the 'maximum' value.
+    kValidateErrorExclusiveMaximum,            //!< Number is greater than or equal to the 'maximum' value.
+    kValidateErrorMinimum,                     //!< Number is less than the 'minimum' value.
+    kValidateErrorExclusiveMinimum,            //!< Number is less than or equal to the 'minimum' value.
+
+    kValidateErrorMaxLength,                   //!< String is longer than the 'maxLength' value.
+    kValidateErrorMinLength,                   //!< String is longer than the 'maxLength' value.
+    kValidateErrorPattern,                     //!< String does not match the 'pattern' regular expression.
+
+    kValidateErrorMaxItems,                    //!< Array is longer than the 'maxItems' value.
+    kValidateErrorMinItems,                    //!< Array is shorter than the 'minItems' value.
+    kValidateErrorUniqueItems,                 //!< Array has duplicate items but 'uniqueItems' is true.
+    kValidateErrorAdditionalItems,             //!< Array has additional items that are not allowed by the schema.
+
+    kValidateErrorMaxProperties,               //!< Object has more members than 'maxProperties' value.
+    kValidateErrorMinProperties,               //!< Object has less members than 'minProperties' value.
+    kValidateErrorRequired,                    //!< Object is missing one or more members required by the schema.
+    kValidateErrorAdditionalProperties,        //!< Object has additional members that are not allowed by the schema.
+    kValidateErrorPatternProperties,           //!< See other errors.
+    kValidateErrorDependencies,                //!< Object has missing property or schema dependencies.
+
+    kValidateErrorEnum,                        //!< Property has a value that is not one of its allowed enumerated values
+    kValidateErrorType,                        //!< Property has a type that is not allowed by the schema..
+
+    kValidateErrorOneOf,                       //!< Property did not match any of the sub-schemas specified by 'oneOf'.
+    kValidateErrorOneOfMatch,                  //!< Property matched more than one of the sub-schemas specified by 'oneOf'.
+    kValidateErrorAllOf,                       //!< Property did not match all of the sub-schemas specified by 'allOf'.
+    kValidateErrorAnyOf,                       //!< Property did not match any of the sub-schemas specified by 'anyOf'.
+    kValidateErrorNot                          //!< Property matched the sub-schema specified by 'not'.
+};
+
+//! Function pointer type of GetValidateError().
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+
+    This is the prototype for \c GetValidateError_X(), where \c X is a locale.
+    User can dynamically change locale in runtime, e.g.:
+\code
+    GetValidateErrorFunc GetValidateError = GetValidateError_En; // or whatever
+    const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* s = GetValidateError(validator.GetInvalidSchemaCode());
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* (*GetValidateErrorFunc)(ValidateErrorCode);
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/filereadstream.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FILEREADSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FILEREADSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(missing-noreturn)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! File byte stream for input using fread().
+/*!
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+class FileReadStream {
+public:
+    typedef char Ch;    //!< Character type (byte).
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param fp File pointer opened for read.
+        \param buffer user-supplied buffer.
+        \param bufferSize size of buffer in bytes. Must >=4 bytes.
+    */
+    FileReadStream(std::FILE* fp, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : fp_(fp), buffer_(buffer), bufferSize_(bufferSize), bufferLast_(0), current_(buffer_), readCount_(0), count_(0), eof_(false) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(fp_ != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(bufferSize >= 4);
+        Read();
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return *current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = *current_; Read(); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return count_ + static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        return (current_ + 4 - !eof_ <= bufferLast_) ? current_ : 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    void Read() {
+        if (current_ < bufferLast_)
+            ++current_;
+        else if (!eof_) {
+            count_ += readCount_;
+            readCount_ = std::fread(buffer_, 1, bufferSize_, fp_);
+            bufferLast_ = buffer_ + readCount_ - 1;
+            current_ = buffer_;
+
+            if (readCount_ < bufferSize_) {
+                buffer_[readCount_] = '\0';
+                ++bufferLast_;
+                eof_ = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::FILE* fp_;
+    Ch *buffer_;
+    size_t bufferSize_;
+    Ch *bufferLast_;
+    Ch *current_;
+    size_t readCount_;
+    size_t count_;  //!< Number of characters read
+    bool eof_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_

ipaacalib/cpp/include/rapidjson/filewritestream.h

+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FILEWRITESTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FILEWRITESTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of C file stream for output using fwrite().
+/*!
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+class FileWriteStream {
+public:
+    typedef char Ch;    //!< Character type. Only support char.
+
+    FileWriteStream(std::FILE* fp, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : fp_(fp), buffer_(buffer), bufferEnd_(buffer + bufferSize), current_(buffer_) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(fp_ != 0);
+    }
+
+    void Put(char c) { 
+        if (current_ >= bufferEnd_)
+            Flush();
+
+        *current_++ = c;
+    }
+
+    void PutN(char c, size_t n) {
+        size_t avail = static_cast<size_t>(bufferEnd_ - current_);
+        while (n > avail) {
+            std::memset(current_, c, avail);
+            current_ += avail;
+            Flush();
+            n -= avail;
+            avail = static_cast<size_t>(bufferEnd_ - current_);
+        }
+
+        if (n > 0) {
+            std::memset(current_, c, n);
+            current_ += n;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Flush() {
+        if (current_ != buffer_) {
+            size_t result = std::fwrite(buffer_, 1, static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_), fp_);
+            if (result < static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_)) {
+                // failure deliberately ignored at this time
+                // added to avoid warn_unused_result build errors
+            }
+            current_ = buffer_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    char Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(char*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    FileWriteStream(const FileWriteStream&);
+    FileWriteStream& operator=(const FileWriteStream&);
+
+    std::FILE* fp_;
+    char *buffer_;
+    char *bufferEnd_;
+    char *current_;
+};
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(FileWriteStream& stream, char c, size_t n) {
+    stream.PutN(c, n);
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_